Exam 2 chap 6

Question 1

____ are unique among the energy nutrients in that they possess nitrogen-containing amine groups and are composed of 20 different amino acid units.

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Of the __ amino acids, some are essential and some are essential only in special circumstances.

Answer 2

20

Question 3

Amino acids link into long strands that make a wide variety of different proteins.

Answer 3

ye

Question 4

Each type of protein has a distinctive sequence of amino acids and so has great functional ______.

Answer 4

specificity

Question 5

Often, cells _______ in synthesizing particular types of proteins in addition to the proteins necessary to all cells.

Answer 5

specialize

Question 6

Nutrients can greatly affect genetic expression.

Answer 6

ye

Question 7

Proteins can be denatured by all but one of the following:

heat, cold, acids, bases, alcohol, or the salts of heavy metals.

Answer 7

cold

Question 8

______ begins the process of digesting food protein and can also destroy body proteins.

Answer 8

Denaturation

Question 9

Digestion of protein involves denaturation by stomach acid and enzymatic digestion in the stomach and small intestine to amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides.

Answer 9

ye

Question 10

The cells of the _____ _____ complete digestion, absorb amino acids and some larger peptides, and release them into the bloodstream for use by the body’s cells.

Answer 10

small intestine

Question 11

The body needs dietary ___ _____ to grow new cells and to replace worn-out ones.

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

____help regulate gene expression; provide structure and movement; serve as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies; provide molecular transport; help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance; buffer the blood; contribute to blood clotting; and provide energy.

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

Amino acids can be used as fuel or converted to _____ or fat.

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

t/f

No storage form of protein exists in the body.

Answer 14

t

Question 15

t/f

There is a storage form of protein exists in the body.

Answer 15

f

Question 16

Amino acids can be metabolized to protein, nitrogen plus energy, glucose, or fat.

Answer 16

ye

Question 17

Amino acids will be _______ to protein only if sufficient energy is present from other sources.

Answer 17

metabolized

Question 18

When energy is lacking, the ______ part is removed from each amino acid, and the resulting fragment is oxidized for energy.

Answer 18

nitrogen

Question 19

The protein intake recommendation depends on size and stage of growth.

Answer 19

ye

Question 20

The DRI recommended intake for adults is ___ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight.

Answer 20

0.8

Question 21

Factors concerning both the body and food sources modify an individual’s protein need.

Answer 21

ye

Question 22

Protein recommendations are based on _____ balance studies, which compare _____ excreted from the body with ____ ingested in food (same element)

Answer 22

nitrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen

Question 23

____ of protein varies from food to food, and cooking can improve or impair it.

Answer 23

Digestibility

Question 24

A protein’s____ ____ assortment greatly influences its usefulness to the body.

Answer 24

amino acid

Question 25

t/f
Food proteins that lack essential amino acids can be used by the body only if those amino acids are present from other sources.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Protein ____ becomes more important whenever food supplies are limited.

Answer 26

quality

Question 27

protein quality is determined by

Answer 27

how complete their amino acid composition is

Question 28

Most U.S. protein intakes fall within the DRI recommended protein intake range of __ to __ percent of calories.

Answer 28

10 - 35

Question 29

No Tolerable Upper Intake Level exists for protein, but health risks may follow the _________ of protein-rich foods.

Answer 29

overconsumption

Question 30

Gluten-free diets often relieve symptoms of celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, or gluten allergy, but no/much evidence supports claims that they cure other ills.

Answer 30

no