Exam 3 minerals Flashcards
1
Q
Water output major sources reordered: feces lungs Kidneys skin
A
Kidneys>skin>lungs>feces
2
Q
Water Input major sources reordered
metabolism created
foods
liquids
A
Foods>liquids>water created by metabolism
3
Q
Function _____:
- part of every living cell
- hemoglobin and myoglobin components
A
Iron
4
Q
___ is a component of myoglobin and hemoglobin
A
Iron
5
Q
Heme iron is from animals/plants while nonheme iron is from animals/plants
A
animals
plants
6
Q
nonheme iron is less/more readily absorbed than heme iron
A
less
7
Q
Iron RDA is higher/lower for women
A
higher
8
Q
____ inhibit iron absorption while ___, Tannic acids, and Vitimin __ help iron absoption
A
Phylates inhibit
Vitimin C, tannic acid, and Calcium help
9
Q
____1 deficiency:
- diminished ____1 stores (stored easily)
- transport ___1 decreases
- hemoglobin production declines
A
1* Iron
10
Q
This describes ____ _____ _____ which is caused by an iron deficiency
- symptoms
- pica (craving for non food items)
- chronic fatigue
- cold intolerance
- exercise intolerance
A
iron deficiency anemia
11
Q
____ toxicity
- supplements most common cause
- toxic amounts difficult to excrete
- acute poisoning is fatal
A
iron
12
Q
Iron in excess can be
A
fatal
13
Q
____
- function
- used with proteins for enzymes (over 300)
- vision
- immune functions (maintain)
- wound healing
- taste perception
- normal growth
A
Zinc
14
Q
Zinc functions
A
- used with proteins for enzymes (over 300)
- vision
- immune functions (maintain)
- wound healing
- taste perception
- normal growth
15
Q
Food sources of Zinc include
A
- protein foods (better absorbed than plant sources like iron)
- meats
- shellfish
- poultry
- plant sources
- legumes
- not as well absorbed
16
Q
Animal sources are better/worse for Iron and zinc then plants sources
A
better
17
Q
____ deficiency
- growth retardation
- digestive function
- diarrhea
- impaired immune response
A
Zinc deficiency
18
Q
____ toxicity
- not from food sources
- supplements may cause toxicity symptoms
- fever
- nausea
- muscle in coordination
- may impair iron and copper absorption
A
Zinc Toxicity
19
Q
Selenium main function is
A
assisting vitamin E as antioxidant, has a pairing effect with vitamin E
20
Q
Selenium sources
A
- widely distributed in foods
- meats and shellfish
- vegetables and grains grown in rich soil
21
Q
Selenium deficiency
A
- rare
- soil in US and Canada is rich in selenium
22
Q
Selenium toxicity
A
Selenium toxicity
- possible especially if taken in supplement form
- results in hair loss, diarrhea and nerve abnormalities
- not common
23
Q
- possible especially if taken in supplement form
- results in hair loss, diarrhea and nerve abnormalities
- not common
A
Selenium toxicity
24
Q
____
- function
- primary role is in the synthesis of thyroid hormones
- hormones regulate
- metabolic rate
- body temperature
- reproduction
- growth
- nerve and muscle formation
A
Iodine
25
Iodine is mostly found in
Seafood
26
Iodine toxicity
depression of thyroid activity
27
______
* function
- helps form hemoglobin and collagen
- energy release
- works with vitamin c for collagen
- electron transport chai
Copper
28
Copper food sources
*food sources
-organ meats,
-seafood,
Legumes, nuts and seeds
29
Copper is found in ____ meats
organ
30
Copper supplments lead to
diarrhea and vomiting
31
```
_____deficiency
-rare
-can disturb growth in
Metabolism
-can be affected by excess zinc
```
Copper
32
Chromium toxicity
Chromium has none
33
Chromium deficiency
Chromium has none
34
Chromium is found in
- meats
- grains
- vegetable oils
35
What are the three electrolytic minerals
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
36
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
* function
- electrolytes used to maintain volume and acid-base balance
* sodium and chloride extracellular
* potassium intracellular
- nerve cell transmission
- vital to muscle contraction and heartbeat
37
__% of salt is sodium
40
38
Potassium comes from
fruits and veggies in raw forms
39
As food is more processed, ______ levels increase and ________ levels decrease
sodium
| potassium
40
_______ deficiency
- occurs with prolonged vomiting and diarrhea
* causes death
- dehydration produces less severe losses
* muscle cramps
* loss appetite
* mental confusion
electrolyte
41
excessive ______ can cause vomiting, weakness, or high blood pressure
Electrolytes
42
______
* function
- over half found in bones (bone mineralization)
- necessary for release If energy
- muscle relaxation
- holds calcium for tooth enamel
Magnesium
43
Magnisium sources are mostly ____ and _____
seeds and veggies
44
Magnesium toxicity
- too many laxatives
- weakness, confusion, coma may occur
- may be fatal
45
Magnesium deficiency is normally found in _____ abuse and causes
alcohol
| prolonged vomiting/diarrhea
46
_____ functions
- integral part of bones and teeth
- most abundant mineral in body
- essential to everything we do
- calcium in blood
* neeve transmission
* muscle contraction
* blood clotting
* blood pressure regulation
- calcium stored in bones
- currently being studied for weight management
Calcium
47
Calcium is mostly found in ____ products and ___
dairy
| greens
48
Fluoride function is related to ____ formation and resistance to ____
tooth
| decay
49
We mainly get fluoride from
fluoridated drinking water
50
Fluoride toxicity causes
fluorosis (discoloration of teeth in developing teeth)
51
________
* functions
- part of bone and teeth structure
- acid/base buffers
- component of phospholipids
Phosphorus
52
Phosphorus is found in _____ _____ and ____ products
meat protein
| dairy
53
Phosphorous deficiency
unknown
54
Too much phosphorus causes you to
lose calcium in urine (too much soda)
55
Grains group
- enriched products supply ____1
- whole grain products supply ___1 and ______
* selenium too if grown in selenium rich soil
iron
| magnesium
56
* fruit group
| - _______, especially from bananas and melons
potassium
57
Dairy
- _____ and ______
- milk and yogurt have pigs
calcium
| Phosphorus
58
Proteins
- meats provide _____, ______, _____, iron, ______ ______
- meat subsidies-the legumes-offer magnesium, iron, and zinc
Potassium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, Copper, magnesium
59
* Vegetable group
| - ______, _____ and _____ (if soil is rich)
Potassium
magnesium
selenium
60
*calcium and phosphorus in milk inhibit ___1 absorption. May cause ___1 deficiency in young children
iron
61
____ functions
* lubrication and cushion
- for joints, digestive Tracy and tissues moistened with mucus
Water
