Exam 3 minerals Flashcards
Water output major sources reordered: feces lungs Kidneys skin
Kidneys>skin>lungs>feces
Water Input major sources reordered
metabolism created
foods
liquids
Foods>liquids>water created by metabolism
Function _____:
- part of every living cell
- hemoglobin and myoglobin components
Iron
___ is a component of myoglobin and hemoglobin
Iron
Heme iron is from animals/plants while nonheme iron is from animals/plants
animals
plants
nonheme iron is less/more readily absorbed than heme iron
less
Iron RDA is higher/lower for women
higher
____ inhibit iron absorption while ___, Tannic acids, and Vitimin __ help iron absoption
Phylates inhibit
Vitimin C, tannic acid, and Calcium help
____1 deficiency:
- diminished ____1 stores (stored easily)
- transport ___1 decreases
- hemoglobin production declines
1* Iron
This describes ____ _____ _____ which is caused by an iron deficiency
- symptoms
- pica (craving for non food items)
- chronic fatigue
- cold intolerance
- exercise intolerance
iron deficiency anemia
____ toxicity
- supplements most common cause
- toxic amounts difficult to excrete
- acute poisoning is fatal
iron
Iron in excess can be
fatal
____
- function
- used with proteins for enzymes (over 300)
- vision
- immune functions (maintain)
- wound healing
- taste perception
- normal growth
Zinc
Zinc functions
- used with proteins for enzymes (over 300)
- vision
- immune functions (maintain)
- wound healing
- taste perception
- normal growth
Food sources of Zinc include
- protein foods (better absorbed than plant sources like iron)
- meats
- shellfish
- poultry
- plant sources
- legumes
- not as well absorbed
Animal sources are better/worse for Iron and zinc then plants sources
better
____ deficiency
- growth retardation
- digestive function
- diarrhea
- impaired immune response
Zinc deficiency
____ toxicity
- not from food sources
- supplements may cause toxicity symptoms
- fever
- nausea
- muscle in coordination
- may impair iron and copper absorption
Zinc Toxicity
Selenium main function is
assisting vitamin E as antioxidant, has a pairing effect with vitamin E
Selenium sources
- widely distributed in foods
- meats and shellfish
- vegetables and grains grown in rich soil
Selenium deficiency
- rare
- soil in US and Canada is rich in selenium
Selenium toxicity
Selenium toxicity
- possible especially if taken in supplement form
- results in hair loss, diarrhea and nerve abnormalities
- not common
- possible especially if taken in supplement form
- results in hair loss, diarrhea and nerve abnormalities
- not common
Selenium toxicity
____
- function
- primary role is in the synthesis of thyroid hormones
- hormones regulate
- metabolic rate
- body temperature
- reproduction
- growth
- nerve and muscle formation
Iodine
Iodine is mostly found in
Seafood
Iodine toxicity
depression of thyroid activity
______
- function
- helps form hemoglobin and collagen
- energy release
- works with vitamin c for collagen
- electron transport chai
Copper
Copper food sources
*food sources
-organ meats,
-seafood,
Legumes, nuts and seeds
Copper is found in ____ meats
organ
Copper supplments lead to
diarrhea and vomiting
\_\_\_\_\_deficiency -rare -can disturb growth in Metabolism -can be affected by excess zinc
Copper
Chromium toxicity
Chromium has none
Chromium deficiency
Chromium has none
Chromium is found in
- meats
- grains
- vegetable oils
What are the three electrolytic minerals
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
- function
- electrolytes used to maintain volume and acid-base balance
- sodium and chloride extracellular
- potassium intracellular
- nerve cell transmission
- vital to muscle contraction and heartbeat
__% of salt is sodium
40
Potassium comes from
fruits and veggies in raw forms
As food is more processed, ______ levels increase and ________ levels decrease
sodium
potassium
_______ deficiency
- occurs with prolonged vomiting and diarrhea
- causes death
- dehydration produces less severe losses
- muscle cramps
- loss appetite
- mental confusion
electrolyte
excessive ______ can cause vomiting, weakness, or high blood pressure
Electrolytes
______
- function
- over half found in bones (bone mineralization)
- necessary for release If energy
- muscle relaxation
- holds calcium for tooth enamel
Magnesium
Magnisium sources are mostly ____ and _____
seeds and veggies
Magnesium toxicity
- too many laxatives
- weakness, confusion, coma may occur
- may be fatal
Magnesium deficiency is normally found in _____ abuse and causes
alcohol
prolonged vomiting/diarrhea
_____ functions
- integral part of bones and teeth
- most abundant mineral in body
- essential to everything we do
- calcium in blood
- neeve transmission
- muscle contraction
- blood clotting
- blood pressure regulation
- calcium stored in bones
- currently being studied for weight management
Calcium
Calcium is mostly found in ____ products and ___
dairy
greens
Fluoride function is related to ____ formation and resistance to ____
tooth
decay
We mainly get fluoride from
fluoridated drinking water
Fluoride toxicity causes
fluorosis (discoloration of teeth in developing teeth)
________
- functions
- part of bone and teeth structure
- acid/base buffers
- component of phospholipids
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is found in _____ _____ and ____ products
meat protein
dairy
Phosphorous deficiency
unknown
Too much phosphorus causes you to
lose calcium in urine (too much soda)
Grains group
- enriched products supply ____1
- whole grain products supply ___1 and ______
- selenium too if grown in selenium rich soil
iron
magnesium
- fruit group
- _______, especially from bananas and melons
potassium
Dairy
- _____ and ______
- milk and yogurt have pigs
calcium
Phosphorus
Proteins
- meats provide _____, ______, _____, iron, ______ ______
- meat subsidies-the legumes-offer magnesium, iron, and zinc
Potassium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, Copper, magnesium
- Vegetable group
- ______, _____ and _____ (if soil is rich)
Potassium
magnesium
selenium
*calcium and phosphorus in milk inhibit ___1 absorption. May cause ___1 deficiency in young children
iron
____ functions
- lubrication and cushion
- for joints, digestive Tracy and tissues moistened with mucus
Water
