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2017 Health and nutrition > Exam 3 minerals > Flashcards

Exam 3 minerals Flashcards

1
Q 
Water output major sources reordered: 
feces
lungs
Kidneys
skin
A

Kidneys>skin>lungs>feces

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2
Q

Water Input major sources reordered

metabolism created
foods
liquids

A

Foods>liquids>water created by metabolism

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3
Q

Function _____:

  • part of every living cell
  • hemoglobin and myoglobin components
A

Iron

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4
Q

___ is a component of myoglobin and hemoglobin

A

Iron

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5
Q

Heme iron is from animals/plants while nonheme iron is from animals/plants

A

animals

plants

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6
Q

nonheme iron is less/more readily absorbed than heme iron

A

less

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7
Q

Iron RDA is higher/lower for women

A

higher

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8
Q

____ inhibit iron absorption while ___, Tannic acids, and Vitimin __ help iron absoption

A

Phylates inhibit

Vitimin C, tannic acid, and Calcium help

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9
Q

____1 deficiency:

  • diminished ____1 stores (stored easily)
  • transport ___1 decreases
  • hemoglobin production declines
A

1* Iron

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10
Q

This describes ____ _____ _____ which is caused by an iron deficiency

  • symptoms
  • pica (craving for non food items)
  • chronic fatigue
  • cold intolerance
  • exercise intolerance
A

iron deficiency anemia

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11
Q

____ toxicity

  • supplements most common cause
  • toxic amounts difficult to excrete
  • acute poisoning is fatal
A

iron

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12
Q

Iron in excess can be

A

fatal

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13
Q

____

  • function
  • used with proteins for enzymes (over 300)
  • vision
  • immune functions (maintain)
  • wound healing
  • taste perception
  • normal growth
A

Zinc

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14
Q

Zinc functions

A
  • used with proteins for enzymes (over 300)
  • vision
  • immune functions (maintain)
  • wound healing
  • taste perception
  • normal growth
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15
Q

Food sources of Zinc include

A
  • protein foods (better absorbed than plant sources like iron)
  • meats
  • shellfish
  • poultry
  • plant sources
  • legumes
  • not as well absorbed
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16
Q

Animal sources are better/worse for Iron and zinc then plants sources

A

better

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17
Q

____ deficiency

  • growth retardation
  • digestive function
  • diarrhea
  • impaired immune response
A

Zinc deficiency

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18
Q

____ toxicity

  • not from food sources
  • supplements may cause toxicity symptoms
  • fever
  • nausea
  • muscle in coordination
  • may impair iron and copper absorption
A

Zinc Toxicity

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19
Q

Selenium main function is

A

assisting vitamin E as antioxidant, has a pairing effect with vitamin E

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20
Q

Selenium sources

A
  • widely distributed in foods
  • meats and shellfish
  • vegetables and grains grown in rich soil
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21
Q

Selenium deficiency

A
  • rare

- soil in US and Canada is rich in selenium

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22
Q

Selenium toxicity

A

Selenium toxicity

  • possible especially if taken in supplement form
  • results in hair loss, diarrhea and nerve abnormalities
  • not common
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23
Q
  • possible especially if taken in supplement form
  • results in hair loss, diarrhea and nerve abnormalities
  • not common
A

Selenium toxicity

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24
Q

____

  • function
  • primary role is in the synthesis of thyroid hormones
  • hormones regulate
  • metabolic rate
  • body temperature
  • reproduction
  • growth
  • nerve and muscle formation
A

Iodine

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25
Q

Iodine is mostly found in

A

Seafood

26
Q

Iodine toxicity

A

depression of thyroid activity

27
Q

______

  • function
  • helps form hemoglobin and collagen
  • energy release
  • works with vitamin c for collagen
  • electron transport chai
A

Copper

28
Q

Copper food sources

A

*food sources
-organ meats,
-seafood,
Legumes, nuts and seeds

29
Q

Copper is found in ____ meats

A

organ

30
Q

Copper supplments lead to

A

diarrhea and vomiting

31
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_deficiency
-rare
-can disturb growth in 
Metabolism
-can be affected by excess zinc
A

Copper

32
Q

Chromium toxicity

A

Chromium has none

33
Q

Chromium deficiency

A

Chromium has none

34
Q

Chromium is found in

A
  • meats
  • grains
  • vegetable oils
35
Q

What are the three electrolytic minerals

A

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride

36
Q

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride

A
  • function
  • electrolytes used to maintain volume and acid-base balance
  • sodium and chloride extracellular
  • potassium intracellular
  • nerve cell transmission
  • vital to muscle contraction and heartbeat
37
Q

__% of salt is sodium

A

40

38
Q

Potassium comes from

A

fruits and veggies in raw forms

39
Q

As food is more processed, ______ levels increase and ________ levels decrease

A

sodium

potassium

40
Q

_______ deficiency

  • occurs with prolonged vomiting and diarrhea
  • causes death
  • dehydration produces less severe losses
  • muscle cramps
  • loss appetite
  • mental confusion
A

electrolyte

41
Q

excessive ______ can cause vomiting, weakness, or high blood pressure

A

Electrolytes

42
Q

______

  • function
  • over half found in bones (bone mineralization)
  • necessary for release If energy
  • muscle relaxation
  • holds calcium for tooth enamel
A

Magnesium

43
Q

Magnisium sources are mostly ____ and _____

A

seeds and veggies

44
Q

Magnesium toxicity

A
  • too many laxatives
  • weakness, confusion, coma may occur
  • may be fatal
45
Q

Magnesium deficiency is normally found in _____ abuse and causes

A

alcohol

prolonged vomiting/diarrhea

46
Q

_____ functions

  • integral part of bones and teeth
  • most abundant mineral in body
  • essential to everything we do
  • calcium in blood
  • neeve transmission
  • muscle contraction
  • blood clotting
  • blood pressure regulation
  • calcium stored in bones
  • currently being studied for weight management
A

Calcium

47
Q

Calcium is mostly found in ____ products and ___

A

dairy

greens

48
Q

Fluoride function is related to ____ formation and resistance to ____

A

tooth

decay

49
Q

We mainly get fluoride from

A

fluoridated drinking water

50
Q

Fluoride toxicity causes

A

fluorosis (discoloration of teeth in developing teeth)

51
Q

________

  • functions
  • part of bone and teeth structure
  • acid/base buffers
  • component of phospholipids
A

Phosphorus

52
Q

Phosphorus is found in _____ _____ and ____ products

A

meat protein

dairy

53
Q

Phosphorous deficiency

A

unknown

54
Q

Too much phosphorus causes you to

A

lose calcium in urine (too much soda)

55
Q

Grains group

  • enriched products supply ____1
  • whole grain products supply ___1 and ______
  • selenium too if grown in selenium rich soil
A

iron

magnesium

56
Q
  • fruit group

- _______, especially from bananas and melons

A

potassium

57
Q

Dairy

  • _____ and ______
  • milk and yogurt have pigs
A

calcium

Phosphorus

58
Q

Proteins

  • meats provide _____, ______, _____, iron, ______ ______
  • meat subsidies-the legumes-offer magnesium, iron, and zinc
A

Potassium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, Copper, magnesium

59
Q
  • Vegetable group

- ______, _____ and _____ (if soil is rich)

A

Potassium
magnesium
selenium

60
Q

*calcium and phosphorus in milk inhibit ___1 absorption. May cause ___1 deficiency in young children

A

iron

61
Q

____ functions

  • lubrication and cushion
  • for joints, digestive Tracy and tissues moistened with mucus
A

Water

2017 Health and nutrition (22 decks)

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