Exam 2 notes Flashcards
When eating with another person, consumption rises by __%, when eating with 2 other people consumption rises by __%
33
47
Stockpiling food increases/decreases consumption
increases
The main issue with HFCS (High fructose corn syrup) is that
it doesn’t suppress ghrelin like glucose does, so it won’t make you full
The difference between glucose and fructose is that:
you can better absorb glucose because of the way in which it is handled
HFCS (High fructose corn syrup) raises/lowers blood fats
raises
1 tsp = _ grams
4
The studies on artificial sweeteners are positive/negative/mixed
mixed
Digestion chain of carbohydrates
In the mouth->Stomach job->Small intestine funtion
Mouth: saliva begins breaking down CHO
Stomach: Starch digestion started by saliva stops
Small intestine: Pacreatic juice helps break down with -ase’s
Gluten is the _____ ____ in grains like wheat and rye and barley
binding protein
Celiacs is an ______ disease that causes _______ to wheat and damages the ______ ____
autoimmune
sensitivity
small intestine
The main reason people see benefits from going gluten free (when they don’t have celiacs) is because they cut out things like pizza
ye
Blood glucose regulation is controlled by the two antagonistic hormones _____ and _____
insulin
glucagon
Insulin triggers _____ of glucose which lowers/raises blood sugar
absorption
lowers
_______ triggers breakdown of liver glycogen to raise/lower blood sugar
Glucagon
raise
The glycemic index
ranks CH2O foods on how quickly they elevate blood sugar
a High glycemic index would mean that the food is quickly/slowly digested
quickly
A low glycemic index score would mean that the food is quickly/slowly digested
slowly
If eating alone it’s wise to choose high/low glycemic index foods
low
Choose high/low glycemic index foods after exercise
high
Primary functions of fat in the body include:
Muscle fuel Padding Insulation Emergency reserve Energy stores
Fat stores are composed of _______
triglycerides
Fat has a _______ molecule and is attached to _ fatty acids
Glycerol
3
______ are useful as emulsifiers (like bile)
phospholipids
Mayonnaise stays together due to ________
phospholipids
Sterols are ____ shaped and do/do not contain fatty acids
ring
do not
What type of fat is cholesterol?
sterol
Sterols are found only inside ____ products
animal
There is currently a limit/no limit on how much cholesterol should be consumed daily
no limit
A dipeptide is a _____ with _ links
protein
2
A tripeptide is a ______
with _ links
protein
3
An oligopeptide is a ______
with _-__ links
8-10
A polypeptide has more/less links then an oligopeptide
more
An incomplete protein is one that has
less then all of the amino acids
A complete protein is one that has
all the amino acids
The RDA recommends ___ grams of protein per Kg of body weight
.08
A nitrogen balance is used to determine
how much or little protein someone is consuming
Nitrogen balance = (Nitrogen in) - (nitrogen out) and positive means:
negative means:
0 means:
too much
too little
jus’ right
Lacto ovo vegitarian means
dairy and eggs are included, which is good for protein
Lacto vegitarian means
includes dairy
Vegan means
only consumes plant derived foods
Vegans are often ____ deficient
b12
1 ounce equivelents of egg: Tofu: nuts: hummus
1 egg
1/4 cup tofu
1/2 ounce nuts
2 table spoons of hummus
We need to excrete more ____ when using protein as an energy source
urea
Anabolism requires/releases energy
requires
Catabolism requires/releases
releases
Catabolic breaks down food components to make ATP which provides cell energy for all activities
ye
Amino acids are stored as ___ when not needed as proteins
fat
Fat and protein need _____ to be broken down.
oxygen
___ ___used for krebs
Acetyl coa
Protein pathway to acetyl coa
Protein ->amino acids-> acetyl coa
Fat pathway to acetyl coa
Fat-> glycerol/fatty acids -> acetyl coa
Feasting favors _____ while fasting state favors ______
anabolism
catabolism
Dietary fat is most direct to fat stores
ye
______ make enzymes/immune system antibodies/ etcetera
proteins
