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Anatomy and Physiology II > Exam 4: Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

the female reproductive system consists of (5 or 8)

A 
ovaries
uterine (fallopian) tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva (mons pubis, labia minora/majora, clitoris)
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2
Q

ovary

A

where sex cells and hormones are produced

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3
Q

secures ovary to uterine wall

A

ovarian suspensory ligament

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4
Q

fallopian tubes

A

capture egg as it ruptures out of follicle, transport it through tube

  • if fertilized in continues into uterus
  • if not fertilized egg disintegrates in tube, dos not make it to uterus
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5
Q

uterus

A

embryo implants in lining that supports developing fetus
lining reactive to hormones - thickens
blood connection for embryo and uterus - forms organ - placenta

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6
Q

what is the main reason you see women getting induced into labor

A

if pregnancy is past the due date by a week - placental organ is shutting down
-cannot let it keep going bc he fetus is getting less and less blood supply

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7
Q

cervix

A

opening to uterus

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8
Q

vagina

A

pathway from uterus to external genitalia
extensible
receives semen and is the birth canal

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9
Q

Oogenesis

A

primary oocytes: all germ cells started here, stalled in prophase I of meiosis I - not develop further until puberty
- when FSH hits the follicles will develop
-Graafian follicle: ovum completed meiosis I mature enough to be released, picked up in fallopian tube
-now ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum
exists for a week and then repeats cycle

if fertilization, hormone signals from fetus and placenta to maintain healthy corpus luteum

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10
Q

follicles

A

produce and mature oocytes

secrete estrogen and inhibin - prevents many follicles from developing

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11
Q

corpus luteum

A

secretes estrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

menstrual cycle

A

estrogen results in the increase in vascular endometrium

progesterone inc mucus secretions in endometrium and prepares implantation of an embryo

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13
Q

what happens in the absence of hCG

A

corpus luteum begins to degenerate 10-12 days after ovulation

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14
Q

in what stage is the primary oocyte arrested in for 12-50 yr

A

diplotene stage of meiosis

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15
Q

when happens to the oocyte when menstruation occurs

A

oocyte completes meiosis I and forms secondary oocyte and polar body
secondary oocyte gets arrested in metaphase II and released from ovary

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16
Q

2 layers surrounding the oocyte

A

corona radiata

zona pellucida

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17
Q

corona radiata

A

layer surrounding oocyte
single layer of cells from the follicle that remain with secondary oocyte
layer must be penetrated by sperm - special enzymes for fertilization to occur

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18
Q

zona pellucida

A

layer surrounding oocyte
contains receptors for sperm
interacts with oocyte membrane to prevent polyspermy (more than one sperm)

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19
Q

4 regions of the fallopian tubes

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural

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20
Q

infundibulum

A

contains fringed extensions, fimbriae

-rub the ovum and increase to rupture the follicle

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21
Q

ampulla

A

longest segment from bend to median portion of tube

-site of fertilization

22
Q

isthmus

A

narrow segment adjacent to uterus

23
Q

intramural

A

opening

embedded in uterine wall

24
Q

function of ciliated cells

A

move oocyte toward uterus

25
Q

function of non-ciliated cells

A

secrete nutritive fluid

26
Q

connects the uterus and vagina to body wall

A

broad ligament

27
Q

comes out and goes anterior, attaches to mons pubis and labia majora

A

round ligament

28
Q

layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium: outer serous layer of CT
myometrium: smooth muscle layer, continuous with but thinner in the vagina
endometrium: mucosal layer, made of 2 sublayers: stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

29
Q

stratum functionalis of the endometrium of the uterus

A

thicker portion, sloughed off during menstruation
grows and expands due to hormones, inc vascularization
progesterone inc mucus lining

30
Q

once corpus luteum is broken down what can you no longer maintain??

A

stratum functionalis of the endometrium of the uterus

- gets sloughed off

31
Q

stratum basalis

A

source of regeneration for functionalis

there ALL the time

32
Q

fundus

A

rounded area above the fallopian tube entrance

33
Q

body of uterus

A

main region of uterus

34
Q

cervix

A

lower 1/3 of uterus
superior portion: secretes mucus
inferior portion: has squamous cells

35
Q

vagina

A

fibromuscular tube that joins the cervix to the external environment

has rugae for expansion

mucosa layer: non keratinized stratified squamous - NO glandular tissue - but need lubrication for sex

36
Q

where does the vagina get lubrication from

A

cervical glands

-vestibular glands at external opening of vagina produce additional lubrication

37
Q

prominence over the pubic symphysis

formed by subcutaneous adipose

A

mons pubis

38
Q

outer fold surrounding the vestibule
contains sebaceous and sweat glands
has thin muscle layer

A

labia majora

39
Q

inner, hairless fold
many blood vessels
deeper region has lots of melanin

A

labia minora

40
Q

composed of glans clitoris and corpus cavernosa
covered by thin prepuce with sensory nerve endings
has mechanoreceptors and erectile tissue in it

A

clitoris

41
Q

region surrounding opening to vagina

contains mucus gland

A

vestibule

42
Q

hymen

A

thin extension of mucus tissue that covers the region
broken in fetal development

if not open - inperforated hymen : treat with estrogen or hymenectomy

43
Q

what is the main clinical reason ppl pa attention to the shape of the hymen

A

child abuse

-look at the ridge of the hymen if breaks in it that is unusual in a child - may indicative penetration

44
Q

mammary glands

A

modified sudoriferous glands
organized in lobes separated by adipose tissue
each lobe has smaller compartments/lobules
-lobules have milk secreting cells - alveoli
milk moves from alveoli to lactiferous ducts that terminate at nipple in lactiferous sinuses

45
Q

what is breast tissue supported by

A

suspensory ligaments that connect to the deep fascia

46
Q

some women may find out through a mammogram they have dense breasts what does this mean?

A

higher % of mammary glands than fat
harder to get a good reading on a mammogram may need ultrasound

if dense breasts - inc risk of breast cancer - controversy

47
Q

3 stages of female sexual act

A

erection
lubrication
orgasm

48
Q

female erection

A

arousal results in PARASYMPATHETIC impulses to vulva
erection of clitoris and bloodflow to labia
-clitoris goes under prepuce to prevent overstimulation that can be painful

49
Q

female lubrication

A

parasympathetic impulses trigger mucosal secretion from both the cervical and vestibular glands

50
Q

female orgasm

A

SYMPATHETIC impulses result in rhythmic contractions in the perineal muscles
blood vessels contracted after done and pressure decreases

Anatomy and Physiology II (21 decks)

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