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Anatomy and Physiology II > Exam 4: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Exam 4: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from heart, branch into smaller vessels, arterioles

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2
Q

blood vessel path with blood flow

A

arteries thn arterioles then capillaries, then venules, veins

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3
Q

vasa vasorum

A

network within the blood vessel wall to supply blood vessels with oxygen and nutrients

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4
Q

3 layers of arteries

A 
tunica intima (interna)
tunica media
tunica adventitia (externa)
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5
Q

tunica intima

A

endothelium
internal elastic lamina

supported by basement membrane to receive blood and then recoil

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6
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle with elastic fibers
muscular layer
more elastic tissue

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7
Q

tunica adventitia (externa)

A

external elastic lamina

connective tissue outside

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8
Q

elastic arteries

A
  • larger arteries of body: aorta, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, vertebral, common iliac
  • tunica media: more elastic fibers, less smooth muscle
  • provides P during recoil (after systole)

maintains BP in diastole!!

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9
Q

muscular arteries

A
  • medium sized arteries: axillary, brachial, radial, intercostal, splenic, mesenteric, femoral, popliteal, tibial
  • higher amount of smooth muscle
  • regulate bloodflow to organs through constriction and dilation
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10
Q

structure of arterioles

A
  • transition between arteries and capillaries
  • part closest to artery: tunica intima and tunica media like the artery
  • media: fewer elastic fibers
  • proximal end may have a tunica externa

-part closest to capillary: endothelium surrounded by scattered smooth muscle fibers

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11
Q

how do arterioles regulate blood flow to tissues

A

precapillary sphincters

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12
Q

structure of capillaries

A
  • endothelium and basement membrane
  • filtration and diffusion
  • most are continuous (endothelial cells tightly bound together - diffusion of gas, ions water molecules)
  • fenestrated: have pores, the opening can be controlled
    mainly in kidneys, intestinal villi, choroid plexus, ciliary bodies, endocrine glands
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13
Q

structure of venules

A

close to capillary: endothelium and tunica externa

near vein: shows evidence of tunica media

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14
Q

structure of veins

A

same 3 layers as arteries but thinner tunica intima and tunica media layers

  • walls not as strong as arteries
  • have one-way Semilunar valves to prevent backflow
  • also compression from adjacent skeletal muscle helps to keep blood moving
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15
Q

anastomosis

A

connection between 2 or more vessels

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16
Q

2 critical arterial anastomoses

A

circle of Willis : around brain, surrounds pituitary
- most ppl do not have complete circle of willis

coronary anastomosis :on back of heart arteries fuse together

  • if one vessel blocked or damages it can get bloodflow with collateral circulation
17
Q

sinusoids

A

modififed capillary beds

in liver, spleen, bone marrow

18
Q

what do sinusoids contain in the liver that are phagocytes involved in immune defense

A

Kupffner cells

19
Q

what are quiescent cells in liver that activate to repair damage

A

stellate cells

20
Q

venous sinuses

A

veins that have no smooth muscle

  • around bone, blood flow drains into sinus
  • flow fo blood keeps things moving since no muscle
  • diameter can NOT be altered cannot constrict or dilate since no medial layer
  • supported by dense connective tissue
21
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by blood against vessel wall

P generated by CO and vessel resistance

P measured in arteries since they maintain the bloodflow

P sows most variability in elastic arteries

22
Q

highest P is in? lowest P is in?

A

elastic arteries

veins - vena cava coming back to heart

23
Q

clinically how is BP recorded

A

systolic/diastolic
120/80
systolic: 90-140
diastolic: 60-90

24
Q

MAP

A

diastolic + (pulse pressure/3)

normal: 70-110
minimum 60 - if lower, organs not getting enough oxygen and become hypoxic

25
Q

pulse pressure

A

systolic-diastolic

26
Q

factors affecting BP (5)

A
  • CO: primary factor; P varies with CO
  • blood volume: direct proportion
  • peripheral resistance: affected by blood viscosity (direct); vessel length (direct); vessel diameter (inverse)
  • autonomic responses: sympathetic inc, parasympathetic dec
  • hormone/chemical: epinephrine, ADH, inflammation
27
Q

2 forces in capillary filtration/absorption

A

hydrostatic P - fluid against vessel all, pushing out

osmotic P- pullin P, solute drawing fluid toward it

28
Q

NFP equation

A

(HPc +OPit) - (HPit + OPc)

29
Q

filtration forces

A

hydrostatic P of capillary and oncotic P of int

30
Q

absorption forces

A

hydrostatic P of int

oncotic P of capillary

Anatomy and Physiology II (21 decks)

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