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ANT 206 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of human evolution through the fossil record

A

Paleoanthropology

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2
Q

The study of shape and sizes of species

A

Morphology

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3
Q

What study do we use to date fossils?

A

Dating/geology

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4
Q

Study of the fossilization process

A

Taphonomy

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5
Q

Study of reconstructing the environment of fossils

A

Paleoecology

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6
Q

Study of previous behaviors of a fossil

A

Comparative primatology

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7
Q

What defines a hominin from a chimpanzee?

A

Bipedalism

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8
Q

The fundamental adaptation of our lineage

A

Bipedalism

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9
Q

What type of environment did the earliest humans live in?

A

Forest/woodlands

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10
Q

What reason did Darwin believe in about why humans are bipedal?

A

Freed up our hands to use weapons and tools

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11
Q

What is one problem about the bipedalism hypothesis about how humans need to see over the tall grass?

A

Early humans lived in forests not savannas

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12
Q

What is one issue about how bipedal humans developed in order to free their hands for tools?

A

Do not see first stone tools until 2.5 million years ago

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13
Q

What is one issue about how bipedal humans developed bipedalism to forage for food?

A

Doesn’t need anatomical alterations

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14
Q

What is the thermoregulation hypothesis?

A

Less surface area exposed to solar radiation, increased convective cooling

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15
Q

Why is there an issue with the thermoregulation hypothesis?

A

Earliest hominids did not live in the savanna

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16
Q

What is the most supported hypothesis for bipedalism?

A

Use fewer calories to walk and allow us to be endurance hunters

17
Q

What are some skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?

A

Foramen magnum is horizontal and underneath the skull, spine is S-shaped and vertebra increase in size as you go down, longer legs than arms, human pelvis is bowl shaped, femur angled inward

18
Q

What 2 muscles stabilize the hips and allow us to stand on one leg?

A

Gluteus minimus and medius

19
Q

What is one factor of the pelvic bone that tells us it is bipedal?

A

Ilium is wide and low

20
Q

Greater than ___ degrees of the carrying angle indicates bipedalism

A

90

ANT 206 (32 decks)

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