Exam 1 Part 3

Question 1

True or false: Darwin created the idea of evolution

Answer 1

False

Question 2

How was the theory of evolution created?

Answer 2

Changing views about the age of the earth, static nature of life on earth, importance of natural processes on change

Question 3

Belief that an ideal form exists for every organism, variation is flaws or deviations from a perfect form, hierarchy of living organisms

Answer 3

Essentialism

Question 4

Who believed in essentialism?

Answer 4

Plato and Aristotle

Question 5

What was the belief of creation during medieval Europe and biblical creationism?

Answer 5

Six days of creation, God created all beings in their current form, God designed all beings, Miracles allowed God to intervene with his creations

Question 6

Species were categorized into beings and non-beings according to biblical creationism/medieval Europe

Answer 6

Great Chain of Being

Question 7

Person who calculated that the earth was created in 400 BC

Answer 7

Archbishop James Ussher

Question 8

Person who is considered the father of geology; noted the similarity between shark teeth and those found within rock, recognized that fossils as coming from once living animals; discovered stratigraphy

Answer 8

Nicholas Steno (1638-1686)

Question 9

Sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence, with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on top

Answer 9

Stratigraphy

Question 10

Person who believed earth was formed from hot debris and a comet hit the sun, explained earth’s creation in NATURALISTIC form and believed that the age of the earth was 70,000 years, six epics of earth’s creation

Answer 10

Comte de Buffon (1707-1788)

Question 11

What 3 topics are related to the changes in perspective of the evolutionary theory?

Answer 11

Biology, geology, and philosophy

Question 12

Person who expanded on Buffon’s ideas, small changes over vast amounts of time explain geological structures, one of the first people to suggest that the art was “alive”, a super organism, materialist (natural) principles could explain the earth’s origin and change

Answer 12

James Hutton (1726-1797)

Question 13

Small changes over vast amounts of time explain geological structures; Much of the earth’s geological history could be explained by the normal, everyday, uniform processes

Answer 13

Uniformitarianism

Question 14

Person who knew fossils were extinct animals, thought to explain extinction, catastrophism

Answer 14

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Question 15

Idea that the earth had withstood multiple catastrophic events that caused the extinction and explained the geological record; accepts that the earth changed but not that evolution took place

Answer 15

Catastrophism

Question 16

Person who believed that animals and the earth were getting better through each catastrophe (religious)

Answer 16

William Buckland

Question 17

Person who believed expanded on Hutton’s uniformitarianism as applied to organisms, uniform changes made organisms change

Answer 17

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Question 18

Book that Lyell made that sparked Darwin’s Evolutionary theory idea

Answer 18

Principles of Geology

Question 19

When was “Principles of Geology” made?

Answer 19

1833

Question 20

What time period did people believe that the world was understood to be constantly changing and process of change were observable and paved the way for scientific studies of the earth

Answer 20

Early 1800’s