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ANT 206 > Exam 2 Part 6 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Gene frequencies stay the same in a population from generation to generation UNLESS disturbing forces are introduced; population is NOT evolving

A

Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

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2
Q

Random change in the genetic code introducing new alleles in to the gene pool after reproduction; can be neutral or harmful; slow to accumulate major changes into genotype frequencies

A

Mutation

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3
Q

All variants begin as ____ in specific individuals

A

Mutations

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4
Q

What is the ultimate source of new genetic variation?

A

Mutations

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5
Q

_____ exists in all individuals of a population

A

Variation

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6
Q

Variation is _____

A

Heritable

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7
Q

Variation leads to differences in individual _______

A

Fitness

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8
Q

What are the exceptions of X-link dominant/recessive?

A

Albinism, achondroplasia, sickle cell anemia, Rh factor in blood

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9
Q

Body does not produce melanin, having no protection against UV rays; autosomal homozygous recessive,

A

Albinism

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10
Q

Not on the sex chromosome; 22 non-sex chromosome pairs

A

Autosome

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11
Q

On the sex chromosome; 1 pair of sex chromosomes

A

Allosome

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12
Q

Example of selection against recessive homozygote

A

Albinism

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13
Q

Example of selection against dominant homozygote

A

Achondroplasia

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14
Q

Example of selection against heterozygote (2)

A

Sickle cells, Rh factor in blood

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15
Q

What 4 conditions are found on autosomes/autosomal?

A

Albinism, achondroplasia, sickle cell, Rh factor

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16
Q

Natural selection acts upon ____ variation; does not create variation/genes

A

Existing

17
Q

True or false: Traits that are adaptive can be adaptive in another, or if the environment changes

A

False; cannot be adaptive in another

18
Q

What factors are needed for a trait to evolve by natural selection (4)?

A

Be heritable, increase the fitness of the individual, increase in frequency in a population over generations

19
Q

Reproductive success, how many offspring (genes) that an organism produces

A

Fitness

20
Q

Random changes in gene frequencies from generation to generation caused by chance; effects are greatest in small population, genes/traits are NOT being selected for

A

Genetic drift

ANT 206 (32 decks)

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