Exam 1 Part 5

Question 1

When was Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species” created?

Answer 1

1859

Question 2

What are some influences from the Beagle that helped Charles Darwin to develop his evolutionary theory (4)?

Answer 2

Natural powers to alter the landscape (Lyell’s work), discovered fossil vertebrates (extinction), variation in species and competition between similar species, mockingbirds of the Galapagos islands question the idea of species creation

Question 3

Who did Charles Darwin get married to?

Answer 3

Emma Wedgwood (1839)

Question 4

Why didn’t Charles Darwin publish “On The Origin of Species” right away?

Answer 4

Huge religious issues, people would look down upon him if he published it

Question 5

Why did Charles Darwin decide to publish “On The Origin of Species”

Answer 5

Competition from other scientists

Question 6

What are Darwin’s 4 Postulates?

Answer 6

Variation exists in all individuals in a population, Variation is heritable (genetics), Variation leads to differences in individual fitness, Successful variants will leave more offsprings like them and, over generations, the population will change

Question 7

Change in a population over time through generations

Answer 7

Evolution

Question 8

Process by which evolution occurs

Answer 8

Natural selection

Question 9

What are some types of evidence that Charles Darwin uses to support natural selection?

Answer 9

Geographical distribution of species, artificial selection by humans, vestigial humans, ontogeny and development, homology of structure

Question 10

Darwin saw that there were different species of mockingbirds on different locations; saw that the one species of mockingbirds changed wherever they moved on parts of the island and adapted to the environment

Answer 10

Geographical distribution of species

Question 11

Breeding of domestic animals chosen by humans

Answer 11

Artificial selection by humans

Question 12

Organ that is no longer used anymore but were useful in the past

Answer 12

Vestigial organs

Question 13

When organisms are in utero they go through stages that reflect their common ancestry (humans have tails in utero)

Answer 13

Ontogeny and development

Question 14

Same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function

Answer 14

Homology of structure

Question 15

A trait or organ that appears similar in two unrelated organisms (ex: bat wings, butterfly wings, bird wings)

Answer 15

Analogous structures

Question 16

What were some problem’s with Darwin’s evolutionary theory?

Answer 16

Transitional forms, organs of extreme perfection, eusociality among insects, mechanism of inheritance

Question 17

Some traits that were so perfect that they could not have changed through evolution by natural selection (human eye)

Answer 17

Organs of extreme perfection

Question 18

Some organisms where most of the individuals are sterile (ant workers and bee workers cannot reproduce)

Answer 18

Eusociality among insects

Question 19

Where are the missing links during evolution through the evidence of fossils(ex: transition between reptiles to birds, etc.); genetics suggested that whales were related to hooved animals but there was no fossil evidence

Answer 19

Transitional forms

Question 20

No knowledge of genetics; evolution theory depends on having information on traits being passed down from generation to generation

Answer 20

Mechanisms of inheritance