Exam 2 Part 8

Question 1

What is an example of inclusive fitness in humans?

Answer 1

Menopause

Question 2

Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations whose individuals produce fertile offspring

Answer 2

Biological species concept

Question 3

Transformation of a single species through time

Answer 3

Anagenesis

Question 4

Branching evolution, new species from by branching off a parent species

Answer 4

Cladogenesis

Question 5

What 3 things do you need for speciation to occur?

Answer 5

Gene flow is absent or severely diminished, accumulation of mutations and or selective forces allow speculation to occur, reproductive isolation of two populations

Question 6

What is an example of anagenesis

Answer 6

Human evolution from homo ergaster to homo erectus

Question 7

What is an example of cladogenesis?

Answer 7

Chimpanzees and bonobos because of the Congo river

Question 8

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 8

Bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes

Question 9

Classification focusing on evolutionary relationships

Answer 9

Cladistics

Question 10

Traits that have changed since the last common ancestor and shared by those taxa

Answer 10

Shared derived traits

Question 11

Traits that are similar in underlying structure due to inheritance from a common ancestor

Answer 11

Homology

Question 12

Traits that are similar in superficial appearance due to adaptation for a certain function

Answer 12

Homoplasy

Question 13

What is an example of homoplasy?

Answer 13

Wings in mammals, birds, and insects

Question 14

Independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related species

Answer 14

Convergence

Question 15

What is an example of convergence?

Answer 15

Tasmanian wolf and coyote

Question 16

A character that has changed since the last common ancestor

Answer 16

Derived character

Question 17

A character that has not changed from the ancestral condition

Answer 17

Primitive character

Question 18

A character that has changed since the last common ancestor and is shared by two or more species

Answer 18

Shared derived character

Question 19

Why is junk DNA more important?

Answer 19

Junk DNA is not affected by natural selection

Question 20

Why is it important to study primates (3) ?

Answer 20

Closest relatives to humans, models of human origin, diverse order of mammals that are easy to study