Exam 2 Part 5 Flashcards
What is the function of DNA (3)?
Replication passes genetic information, protein synthesis, gene regulation
How is genetic information passed down from cell to cell?
Mitosis
How is genetic information passed down from generation to generation?
Meiosis
Coding form amino acids and protein chains to build an organism
Protein synthesis
Signaling genes to turn on and off
Gene regulation
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
DNA is unzipped, free floating bases from RNA join with the complimentary bases from DNA, RNA moves away from DNA, junk DNA is cut out and turns into mature RNA, mature RNA goes into the ribosome, translation occurs, and turns into a protein
Strand of DNA is transformed in to RNA; process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence
Transcription
RNA is translated into an amino acid; process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis
Translation
What are the 3 sources of variation?
Sexual reproduction, recombination, mutation
Reproducing offspring sexually, making variability
Sexual reproduction
Cloning; offspring will have 100% of the parent’s DNA
Asexual reproduction
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
Offspring can adapt to the environment, increasing one’s fitness
Exchange pieces of chromosome during meiosis producing new genetic combinations in the gamete; produces new allele combinations to create variability
Recombination (Crossing over)
Random, heritable variation in DNA which introduces new alleles into the gene pool
Mutation
Change in allele frequencies that occur over generations within a population; can take a few generations for it to change
Microevolution
