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EAS 2600 > Exam 3 Spring 2013 old test > Flashcards

Exam 3 Spring 2013 old test Flashcards

1
Q

the general downhill movement of rock, soil, or unconsolidated materials under the influence of gravity

A

mass wasting

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2
Q

Permeability is the

A

ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through

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3
Q

when looking at a coastal mountain range which area receives the most rain

A

the mountainside closest to the ocean

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4
Q

in a sand dune in a river, _____ occurs on the upstream side of the dune and ____ occurs on the downstream side of the dune

A

erosion; deposition

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5
Q

karst topography

A

does not have a normal river drainage system; forms in regions where subsurface limestone is dissolved by groundwater; contains sinkholes

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6
Q

when a meandering river has a portion of its stream cut off forming a horseshoe shaped lake

A

oxbow lake

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7
Q

as the velocity of a stream current increases

A

more of the bed material is in motion

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8
Q

What is the most common natural acid on the Earth’s surface?

A

carbonic acid

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9
Q

in the unsaturated zone, pore spaces in the soil and rock contain

A

air and water

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10
Q

in what type of rock do most caves form

A

limestone

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11
Q

where do deltas form

A

at river mouths

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12
Q

after oceans, which of the following reservoirs contains the most water

A

the glaciers and polar ice caps

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13
Q

which of the following grain sizes would a stream easily move while wind could not

A

pebble

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14
Q

what type of aquifer is bounded above and below by relatively impermeable beds

A

confined

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15
Q

long wavy sand ridges that lie perpendicular to the prevailing wind are called

A

transverse dunes

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16
Q

what type of drainage pattern is random

A

dendritic

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17
Q

what is a true statement about stream terraces

A

terraces are composed of floodplain deposits and form as a result of rapid uplift

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18
Q

which of the following minerals is most stable at the Earth’s surface

A

hematite (Fe2O3)

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19
Q

describes the total sediment load carried by a stream

A

capacity

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20
Q

which of the following is considered part of a stream’s bed load

A

gravel sliding along the bottom

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21
Q

which of the following minerals will have the greatest chemical stability

A

a mineral with low solubility and a low rate of dissolution

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22
Q

represents the boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone

A

groundwater table

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23
Q

the process by which surface water becomes groundwater

A

infiltration

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24
Q

what information do geologists use to estimate speeds of ancient rivers

A

grain size

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25
Q

which of the following processes only occurs in permafrost regions

A

solifluction

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26
Q

_____ is the infiltration of water into the saturated zone, and _____ is the exit of groundwater to the surface

A

recharge

discharge

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27
Q

geysers have ______ than regular hot springs

A

more irregular plumbing systems

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28
Q

which of the following slopes of unconsolidated material will be the least stable

A

a slope greater than the angle of repose

29
Q

a curved, coarse-grained deposit that forms on the inside curve of a stream

A

point bar

30
Q

describes the shape of the longitudinal profile of a stream

A

a concave upward curve

31
Q

in which of the following locations would one most likely find a braided stream

A

at the edge of a melting glacier

32
Q

which of the following has the steepest angle of repose

A

damp sand

33
Q

an imaginary line below which a stream cannot erode is called

A

base level

34
Q

as one goes deeper in the earth’s crust

A

the porosity decreases and the concentration of dissolved minerals increases

35
Q

if the amount of discharge in an aquifer exceeds the amount of recharge, the groundwater table

A

will drop

36
Q

which of the following conditions make for the bet groundwater reservoir

A

high permeability and high porosity

37
Q

the region underneath the water table line is called the

A

saturated zone

38
Q

the region above the water table line is called the

A

unsaturated zone

39
Q

the lowering of the water table near the well is called a

A

cone of depression

40
Q

what type of sandstone will have the lowest porosity

A

a poorly sorted, cemented sandstone

41
Q

according to Darcy’s law, what kind of aquifer will have the greatest rate of groundwater flow

A

an aquifer with high hydraulic conductivity and a high hydraulic gradient

42
Q

suspended load includes all material

A

temporarily or permanently suspended in the flow

43
Q

in what class of mass movement does the material move as if it were in a fluid

A

flows

44
Q

what is the discharge of a stream that is one meter deep, two meters wide, and has a water flow of five meters per second

A

10 m^3/sec

45
Q

is the process whereby sand grains jump along the streambed during transport

A

saltation

46
Q

layers that transmit groundwater are called

A

aquifers

47
Q

in which of the following climates will chemical weathering be the slowest

A

cold and dry

48
Q

physical weathering is greatest at

A

high latitudes

49
Q

what type of environment yields quartz sand grains that are rounded and frosted

A

an eolian (desert) environment

50
Q

large, cone-shaped deposits of sediment at a mountain front are called

A

alluvial fans

51
Q

what powers the hydrologic cycle

A

solar energy

52
Q

curves and bends in a stream channel are called

A

meanders

53
Q

on a delta, smaller, multiple channels that branch off downstream are called

A

distributaries

54
Q

the topographic rise that distinguishes two watersheds from one another is called a

A

divide

55
Q

what type of drainage network would you expect to find on a volcano

A

radial drainage

56
Q

soil type associated with rain forests and categorized by intense leaching of soil components

A

laterite

57
Q

broad category of soil associated with a dry climate

A

pedocal

58
Q

mechanical weathering process caused unloading as rocks expand when overlying rock layers are eroded away

A

exfoliation

59
Q

soil horizon consisting of weathered mineral matter mixed with with some humus

A

A horizon

60
Q

soil horizon consisting of loose and partly decayed organic matter

A

O horizon

61
Q

soil horizon that consists of partially altered parent material

A

C horizon

62
Q

mechanical weathering process caused by freeze-thaw cycles of water in cracks

A

frost wedging

63
Q

calite (CaCO3) a major component of limestone chemically weathers by this process

A

dissolution

64
Q

feldspar (KAlSi3O8) chemically weathers by this process

A

hydrolysis

65
Q

broad category of soil associated with a moist temperate climate

A

pedalfer

66
Q

quartz (SiO2) chemically weathers by this process

A

dissolution

67
Q

soil zone of accumulation (mostly transported clays) also known as subsoil

A

B horizon

68
Q

pyroxene (FeSiO3) chemically weathers by this process

A

oxidation

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

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