Chapter 5 E1

Question 1

sediments are produced on the Earth’s surface as a result of

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

sediments are transported and become sedimentary rocks after

Answer 2

they come to rest

Question 3

six steps of the sedimentary process

Answer 3

1. weathering 2. erosion 3. transportation 4. deposition 5. burial 6. diagenesis

Question 4

weathering

Answer 4

breaks down rocks physically and chemically

Question 5

erosion

Answer 5

carries away particles produced by weathering

Question 6

transportation

Answer 6

via streams, glaciers, and wind moves particles downhill

Question 7

deposition (or sedimentation)

Answer 7

when particles settle out or dissolved minerals precipitate

Question 8

burial

Answer 8

layers of sediment accumulate and compact previous layers

Question 9

diagenesis

Answer 9

lithifies the sediment to make sedimentary rocks

Question 10

economic importance of sedimentary rocks

Answer 10

coal, petroleum and natural gas, sources of iron and aluminum

Question 11

two types of sedimentary rocks

Answer 11

detrital or siliciclastic

chemical and biochemical

Question 12

material is solid particles, classified by particle size,

Answer 12

detrital rocks or siliciclastic

Question 13

common detrital rocks

Answer 13

shale (most abundant), sandstone, and conglomerate

Question 14

derived from material that was once in solution and precipitates to form sediment

Answer 14

chemical or biochemical rocks

Question 15

common chemical or biochemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 15

limestone, evaporites (salt and gypsum), coal, microcrystalline quartz (chert, flint, etc.)

Question 16

lithification

Answer 16

loose sediments are transformed into solid rock

Question 17

the lithification processes

Answer 17

compaction and cementation by calcite, silica, or iron oxide

Question 18

the sorting of sediments can indicate

Answer 18

how far the rock has been transported; well sorted has traveled far; poorly sorted not far

Question 19

_____ during transportation makes rock particles smaller and more rounded the longer they travel

Answer 19

abrasion

Question 20

squeezes out water by burial as part of the lithification process

Answer 20

compaction

Question 21

precipitation or addition of new minerals cements sediment particles

Answer 21

cementation

Question 22

used for matching rocks from different places and as time indicators

Answer 22

fossils

Question 23

limestone is formed from

Answer 23

calcite

Question 24

most limestone is produced in

Answer 24

a shallow ocean environment

Question 25

sand that’s higher up on the beach is

Answer 25

coarser

Question 26

loosely cemented shells

Answer 26

cochina

Question 27

can group sedimentary rocks into three broad categories

Answer 27

continental, shoreline, and marine environments

Question 28

graded bed

Answer 28

heavier elements settle first

Question 29

chemical/biochemical rocks are directly precipitated as a result of

Answer 29

physical processes or life processes

Question 30

limestone dissolves over time and ___ is a material that forms in the holes

Answer 30

chert

Question 31

a single bed indicates a period of

Answer 31

stability in the conditions

Question 32

law of original horizontality

Answer 32

sedimentary rocks are all deposited horizontally to begin with