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EAS 2600 > Exam 2 Fall 2017 old test > Flashcards

Exam 2 Fall 2017 old test Flashcards

1
Q

detrital (siliciclastic) sedimentary rock with angular pebble-sized clasts

A

breccia

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2
Q

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock with sand-sized clasts

A

sandstone

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3
Q

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock that consists of primary clay-sized particles

A

shale

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4
Q

granoblastic (non-foliated) rock that is formed from metamorphosed sandstone

A

quartzite

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5
Q

coal that has undergone metamorphism

A

anthracite

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6
Q

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock with rounded pebble-sized clasts

A

conglomerate

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7
Q

chemical sedimentary rock consisting of precipitated microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

A

chert

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8
Q

granoblastic, non-foliated rock that is formed from metamorphosed limestone

A

marble

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9
Q

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock with abundant feldspar clasts

A

arkose

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10
Q

chemical or biochemical sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcite (CaCO3)

A

limestone

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11
Q

high grade foliated metamorphic rock that consists of alternating bands of mafic and felsic minerals

A

gneiss

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12
Q

evaporite deposits used to make drywall for building construction

A

rock gypsum

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13
Q

foliated metamorphic rock that consists of clay-sized particles and used in building construction for shingles

A

slate

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14
Q

evaporite deposits used to make table salt for human consumption

A

rock halite

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15
Q

foliated metamorphic rock with medium-large grains of planar crystals (often with identifiable micas)

A

schist

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16
Q

foliated metamorphic rock that has wavy foliation patterns (crenulations) in cross-section and has a glossy sheen

A

phyllite

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17
Q

biochemical sedimentary rock consisting of compressed organic matter

A

bituminous coal

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18
Q

temp and depth conditions for the formation of siliciclastic sedimentary rock

A

low temp and low depth

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19
Q

probable depositional environment of coal with fern fossils in it

A

freshwater swamp

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20
Q

temp and depth conditions for the formation of schist

A

medium temp and medium depth

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21
Q

temp and depth conditions necessary to convert a sedimentary rock to a metamorphic rock as a result of contact metamorphism

A

high temp and low depth

22
Q

the surface that divides a fold into two halves and contains the fold axis is called

A

the axial plane

23
Q

geologic maps are used to depict

A

the orientation of geologic structures; the strike an dip of the rock units at the earth’s surface; and the rock formations exposed on the surface

24
Q

advanced warnings of tsunamis can sometimes be sent because

A

seismic waves travel faster than tsunamis

25
Q

which of the following factors remains constant and does not vary depending on tectonic setting

A

the rate of pressure increase with depth

26
Q

faults that show both strike-slip (side to side) and dip-slip (up and down) are called

A

oblique faults

27
Q

examination of two earthquake seismograms showed that the amplitude of the the S waves from the magnitude 2 quake was ________ the amplitude of the S waves from the magnitude 7 quake

A

smaller than

28
Q

two earthquake seismograms; the s waves from the magnitude 2 quake travel ____ the S waves from the magnitude 7

A

the same speed as

29
Q

principle of original horizontality

A

sediments are deposited as horizontal layers

30
Q

time scales of geologic processes can range from seconds to

A

billions of years

31
Q

a seismic observatory typically has instruments that measure _______ motions

A

up-down, horizontal north-south, and horizontal east-west

32
Q

reverse fault

A

hanging wall goes up and football goes down (put the lantern in reverse; leaving)

33
Q

normal fault

A

hanging wall goes down and footwall goes up

34
Q

crosscutting relationships

A

younger rocks will be on the top and cut through the older rock layers

35
Q

what type of seismic waves causes the most building damage

A

surface waves

36
Q

the process of crustal deformation includes

A

faulting, shearing, and folding

37
Q

an erosional surface between horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks

A

disconformity

38
Q

an erosional surface between igneous and sedimentary rocks

A

nonconformity

39
Q

at what point do we assign a series of earthquakes their categories

A

following the aftershocks

40
Q

which of the following plastic deformation forces, when applied to the edges of a layer, will not produce a fold

A

pulling apart

41
Q

when a beta particle is emitted during radioactive decay

A

atomic number increases by one

42
Q

what is a false statement about tsunamis

A

they are not produced by tidal forces; just happen to be called tidal waves

43
Q

what is a true statement about the relationship between stress and strain

A

stress is the force that causes rocks to deform or undergo strain

44
Q

the average time between large earthquake events along a fault is known as

A

the recurrence interval

45
Q

major boundaries in the geologic time scale are often put there based on significant

A

mass extictions

46
Q

rocks that undergo elastic deformation will

A

return to their original shape once the stress is released

47
Q

what is the possible depositional environment for shells found in limestone

A

shallow marine

48
Q

a diagram representing a vertical slice through the earth’s crust is called a

A

geologic cross section

49
Q

what piece of evidence recently led scientists to propose that great earthquakes occur in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbian every 500-600 years?

A

geologic records of flooded dead coastal forests

50
Q

in response to deformation brittle materials will ____ and ductile materials will ____

A

fault

fold

51
Q

radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of

A

both daughter and parent atoms

52
Q

the modified Mercalli intensity scale measures

A

the amount of destruction caused by an earthquake

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

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