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EAS 2600 > Chapter 6 E2 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 E2 Flashcards

1
Q

changed form rocks; produced from preexisting igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

A

metamorphic rocks

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2
Q

takes place where preexisting rock is subjected to temperatures and pressures unlike those in which it formed

A

metamorphism

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3
Q

two types of metamorphism

A

contact (thermal) and regional metamorphism

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4
Q

occurs near a body of magma, changes are driven by a rise in temperature; caused by a hot body like an intrusive; doesn’t melt surrounding rock but changes it

A

contact or thermal metamorphism

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5
Q

directed pressures and high temperatures during mountain building; occurs along plate boundaries; produces the greatest volume of metamorphic rock

A

regional metamorphism

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6
Q

______ and _____ increase with depth in all regions

A

pressure and temperature

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7
Q

created by quick intense pressure

A

shock metamorphism like a meteor impact

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8
Q

there is high pressure metamorphism at _________; water is being subducted with the plate so very high pressure and low ___

A

subduction zones

temperatures

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9
Q

seafloor metamorphism

A

new crust is still hot and kind of fluffy so there is an exchange of cations easilyt

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10
Q

1300 degree celsius isotherm

A

everything below this line is hotter and molten

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11
Q

confining pressure

A

pressure from all directions; things just pile on top

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12
Q

directed pressure

A

usually pressure from two directions; occurs near the surface

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13
Q

folation

A

occurs due to directed pressure; the minerals turn perpendicular and flatten; also have the segregation of felsic and mafic materials

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14
Q

directed pressure causes sedimentary rocks such as shale to form

A

cleavage planes

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15
Q

metamorphic rock textures

A

foliated and non foliated

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16
Q

minerals are in a parallel alignment perpendicular to the compressional force

A

foliated texture of a metamorphic rock

17
Q

contain equi-dimensional crystals; resembles a coarse-grained igneous rock

A

nonfoliated (massive) texture of a metamorphic rock

18
Q

metamorphic textures from low grade of intensity to a high grade intensity of metamorphism

A

slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, and migmatite

19
Q

most abundant detrital sedimentary rock

A

shale

20
Q

every metamorphic rock has a ____ rock

A

parent

21
Q

porphroblasts

A

like garnet in schist

22
Q

difference between marble and quartzite

A

scratch the glass; quartzite is harder

23
Q

nonfoliated (granoblastic) rock; parent rock is limestone; large interlocking calcite crystals

A

marble

24
Q

nonfoliated (granoblastic) rock; parent rock quartz sandstone; quartz grains are fused

A

quartzite

25
Q

with nonfoliated rock you can’t tell immediately the grade of

A

metamorphism

26
Q

as the intensity of the metamorphism increases ________ and __________ also increase

A

crystal size and coarseness of foliation; (pressure and temp are also increasing because they are the factors that increase the metamorphic intensity)

27
Q

minerals you use to figure out where you are in the temperature pressure space

A

index minerals or isograds

28
Q

_______ path is faster than the ______ path

A

prograde

retrograde

29
Q

low grade metamorphism that is caused by the progressive increase in pressure

A

burial metamorphism

30
Q

the four criteria of classifying a foliated rock

A

metamorphic grade
grain (crystal) size
type of foliation
banding

31
Q

nonfoliated metamorphic rocks composed mainly of crystals that grow in equant shapes such as cubes or spheres rather than in platy or elongate shapes

A

granoblastic rocks

32
Q

the process of transporting a rock from the earth’s interior back up to earth’s surface

A

exhumation

33
Q

this type of foliation results in the segregation of lighter and darker minerals

A

gneiss

34
Q

metamorphic rocks formed by _____ are rarely exposed at the earth’s surface for geologists to study

A

high pressure metamorphism

35
Q

hot basaltic lava at a seafloor spreading center heats infiltrating seawater which starts to circulate through the newly forming oceanic crust by convection

A

seafloor metamorphism

36
Q

the kind of change in a rock’s composition by fluid transport of chemical substances into or out of it

A

metasomatism

37
Q

another name for pressure

A

stress

38
Q

groupings of rocks of various mineral compositions formed under particular conditions of temperature and pressure from different parent rocks

A

metamorphic facies

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

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