Chapter 3 E1 - Earth Minerals Flashcards
a naturally occurring solid crystalline substance, usually inorganic, with a specific chemical structure
mineral
the sum of the mass of the protons and neutrons equals the
atomic mass
the number of protons in an atom equals
the atomic number
electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge formed through electron transfer;
ionic bonds
a bond formed between two atoms by sharing electrons
covalent bond
what type of bond is stronger, ionic or covalent
covalent
free electron sharing in metals that makes them very good conductors of electricity
metallic bonding
the process in which the atoms of a gas or liquid come together in the proper chemical proportions and in the proper arrangement to form a solid substance; forms minerals
crystallization
an atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge, either positive or negative
ion
positively charged ion
cation
negatively charged ion
anion
minerals with alternative structures formed from the same chemical element or compound; give examples
polymorphs; diamond and graphite
name the give most common classes of rock forming minerals
silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and sulfates
a measure of the ease with which the surface of a mineral can be scratched
hardness
the tendency of a crystal to split along planar surfaces
cleavage
