Chapter 3 E1 - Earth Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

a naturally occurring solid crystalline substance, usually inorganic, with a specific chemical structure

A

mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the sum of the mass of the protons and neutrons equals the

A

atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the number of protons in an atom equals

A

the atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge formed through electron transfer;

A

ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a bond formed between two atoms by sharing electrons

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of bond is stronger, ionic or covalent

A

covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

free electron sharing in metals that makes them very good conductors of electricity

A

metallic bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the process in which the atoms of a gas or liquid come together in the proper chemical proportions and in the proper arrangement to form a solid substance; forms minerals

A

crystallization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

an atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge, either positive or negative

A

ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

positively charged ion

A

cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

negatively charged ion

A

anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

minerals with alternative structures formed from the same chemical element or compound; give examples

A

polymorphs; diamond and graphite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name the give most common classes of rock forming minerals

A

silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and sulfates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a measure of the ease with which the surface of a mineral can be scratched

A

hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the tendency of a crystal to split along planar surfaces

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if a mineral has no cleavage planes then it is described as

A

fracture (usually conchoidal)

17
Q

the way the surface of a mineral reflects light

A

luster

18
Q

refers to the color of the fine deposit of mineral powder left on an abrasive surface when a mineral is scraped across it

A

streak

19
Q

least reliable physical property

A

color

20
Q

the shape in which individual crystals or aggregates of crystals grow

A

crystal habit

21
Q

a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or in some cases non-mineral solid matter

A

a rock

22
Q

describes the sizes and shapes of a rock’s mineral crystals or grains, and the way they are put together

A

texture