Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EAS 2600 > Chapter 16 E3 - Weathering > Flashcards

Chapter 16 E3 - Weathering Flashcards

1
Q

the disintegration and decomposition of material at or near the surface

A

weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the transfer of rock material downslope under the influence of gravity

A

mass wasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice

A

erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two kinds of weathering

A

mechanical weathering and chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

breaking of rocks into smaller pieces by physical processes

A

mechanical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

alters the internal structures of minerals by removing or adding elements

A

chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ and _____ are the most crucial weathering factors

A

temperature and moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chemical weathering is most effective in areas of _____ temperatures and ____ moisture

A

warm

abundant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the three main mechanical weathering processes

A

frost wedging, unloading, and biological activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

repeated daily heating and cooling of rock causes fractures (heat expands and cool contracts) the release of overburden and increased temperature can cause pop ups

A

exfoliation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

advanced mechanical weathering aids chemical weathering by increasing the

A

surfacea area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the most important agent in chemical weathering

A

water because oxygen dissolved in water oxidizes materials and CO2 dissolved in water forms carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

four types of chemical weathering

A

dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis, and reductive dissolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chemical weathering of granite

A

potassium feldspar forms clay minerals, soluble salt, and silica in solution; quartz remains mostly unaltered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

weathering of most silicate minerals besides quartz produces

A

insoluble iron oxides and/or clay minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

oxygen combines with iron bearing silicate minerals (like olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite) causing rusting

A

oxidation

17
Q

red means

A

iron

18
Q

caused by chemical weathering of jointed rocks where those rocks form roughly spherical shapes

A

spheroidal weathering

19
Q

a speed control for weathering

A

chemical stability

20
Q

caused by variations in composition

A

differential weathering

21
Q

concentrates metals into economical deposits

A

secondary enrichment

22
Q

two ways to have secondary enrichment

A

removing undesired material from the decomposing rock, leaving the desired elements behind; desired elements are carried to lower zones and deposited; translocation and transformation

23
Q

controls on soil formation

A

parent material: residual soil and transported soil; and time: amount of time to evolve varies for different soils; climate, slope, and plants and animals

24
Q

_____ slopes often have poorly developed soils

A

steep

25
Q

refers to the proportions of different particle sizes

A

texture

26
Q

large to small textures

A

sand (largest), silt, clay

27
Q

a mixture of all three size textures and is best suited for plant life

A

loam

28
Q

soil forming processes operate from the

A

surface downward

29
Q

zones or layers of soil

A

horizons

30
Q

horizons in temperate regions

A 
O-organic matter
A-organic and mineral matter
E-little organic matter
B-zone of accumulation
C-partially altered parent material
31
Q

soil profile in a temperate climate; humus and leached soil; some iron and aluminum oxides precipitated, all soluble materials leached away; granite bedrock

A

pedalfer

32
Q

soil profile in a wet climate; thin or absent humus; thick masses of insoluble iron and aluminum oxides; occasional quartz; thin leached zone; mafic igneous bedrock

A

laterite

33
Q

soil profile in a dry climate; humus and leached soil; calcium carbonate pellets and nodules precipitated; sandstone, shale, and limestone bedrock

A

pedocal

34
Q

recycling of earth materials

A

soil erosion

35
Q

natural rates of erosion depend on

A

soil characteristics, climate, slope, and type of vegetation

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions