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EAS 2600 > Exam 1 Fall 17 old test > Flashcards

Exam 1 Fall 17 old test Flashcards

1
Q

one use of sulfides

A

mainly metallic ores

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2
Q

one use of sulfates

A

gypsum/ building materials

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3
Q

one use of phosphates

A

fertilizers

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4
Q

one use of flourite

A

hydrofluoric acid for electronic industry (semi conductor)

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5
Q

what will be the charge of an atom containing 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons

A

+2

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6
Q

fluid induced melting generates magmas in which of the following tectonic settings

A

subduction zones (think of the pictures; as something is subducted the rock is melted)

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7
Q

if a mineral is allowed to grow without space impediments then it will develop

A

crystal faces

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8
Q

which of the following minerals is most likely to settle to the bottom of a magma chamber

A

olivine

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9
Q

the atomic mass of an element is equal to the number of

A

protons plus nuetrons

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10
Q

new oceanic crust is created at

A

mid ocean ridges

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11
Q

which of the following minerals crystallizes from a magma at the lowest temperature

A

quartz

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12
Q

regions of intense localized volcanism such as Hawaii form above plumes of fast-rising material that originate in the

A

deep mantle (think of mantle plumes)

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13
Q

if a magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the remaining magma will be

A

more felsic

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14
Q

minerals with the same chemical formula but different crystal lattice structure are referred to as

A

polymorphs

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15
Q

rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock are called

A

igneous

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16
Q

what type of magma forms when mantle undergoes decompression melting? think about the type of plate boundary where this occurs

A

mafic

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17
Q

what does the symbol Na+ represent

A

a sodium cation

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18
Q

quartz exhibits what type of bonding

A

covalent

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19
Q

which of the following is not associated with convergent plate boundaries

A

spreading centers

volcanoes, earthquakes, and deep-sea trenches are associated with it

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20
Q

magma generated in the Earth’s interior rises because it is ____ than the surrounding rocks

A

less dense

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21
Q

iron and magnesium ions are similar in size and both have a +2 positive charge. Therefore, we would expect iron and magnesium to

A

substitute for each other in minerals

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22
Q

which of the following earth layers contains the least amount of iron

A

crust (think about stars; iron is the most dense)

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23
Q

how many of the oxygen atoms in the silicate tetrahedron are shared in framework silicates

A

four

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24
Q

how the surface of a mineral reflects light is referred to as

A

luster

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25
Q

volcanic rocks derived from a hot spot get progressively older to the northeast. based on this information, in which direction is the plate moving

A

northeast

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26
Q

the plate tectonic system is driven by

A

internal heat

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27
Q

what kind of plate boundary defines the eastern edge of the plate we live on here in the US

A

mid ocean ridge

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28
Q

when cleaved mica breaks through planes of

A

interlayer cations

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29
Q

at approximately what temperature does olivine begin to crystallize from a mafic melt

A

1200 degrees celcius

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30
Q

which of the following statements about feldspar is false?

A

feldspar is a sheet silicate F

it is softer than corundum, the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust, and harder than calcite

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31
Q

an island arc forms when there is _____ convergence

A

ocean-ocean

32
Q

which of the following concepts was developed earliest

A

continental drift (Alfred Wegner)

33
Q

Bowen’s reaction series descries

A

the sequence in which minerals form when magmas cools

34
Q

the oldest continental rocks are ______ than the oldest oceanic rocks

A

much older

35
Q

which of the following minerals does not exhibit cleavage? (it exhibits conchoidal fracture)

A

quartz

36
Q

the two most common elements in the Earth’s curst are

A

oxygen and silicon

37
Q

felsic igneous rocks contain abundant ____ silicate minerals

A

framework

38
Q

which of the following is associated with a divergent plate boundary

A

all of the above

rifting, earthquakes, and volcanism

39
Q

how do we know that the initial composition of the melt that formed the Palisades sill was mafic

A

there is basalt at the top and bottom of the intrusion where the magma first cooled

40
Q

which of the following best describes the gray igneous rock depicted in the cross section below

A

dike

41
Q

solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air are called

A

pyroclasts

42
Q

the growth of a solid from a gas or liquid whose atoms can come together in the proper chemical proportions and crystalline arrangement is called

A

crystallization

43
Q

which of the following best describes an andesite

A

a fine grained, felsic igneous rock

44
Q

which of the following statements about lava is true

A

high temperature lavas are less viscous than low temperature lavas

45
Q

which igneous rock is the most abundant rock of the crust and underlies virtually all of the floors of the ocean

A

basalt

46
Q

mica is a common example of a _______ silicate

A

sheet

47
Q

what type of mineral is pyrite (FeS2) also known as fools gold

A

sulfide

48
Q

at what type of plate boundary do the deepest earthquakes occur

A

convergent

49
Q

what is the term for atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

50
Q

which of the following statements about felsic igneous rocks is true

A

felsic rocks crystallize at lower temperatures than mafic rocks

51
Q

which of the following lists is in the correct order of increasing silica content for the course grained igneous rocks

A

gabbro, diorite, granite

52
Q

which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica content

A

ultramafic

53
Q

the main type of plate boundaries are (proper names only)

A

convergent, transform, divergent

54
Q

which of the following lavas will flow downhill slowest

A

rhyolite (felsic)

55
Q

which of the following minerals fizzes when it coms in contat with hydrochloric acid (HCl)

A

calcite

56
Q

why are isochrons on the Pacific seafloor more widely spaced than isochrons on the Atlantic seafloor

A

the Pacific seafloor formed at a faster spreading rate than the Atlantic seafloor

57
Q

which of the following pairs of intrusive and extrusive rocks have the same chemical composition

A

gabbro and basalt

58
Q

from the following choices, how would you distinguish diorite from granite

A

there is more quartz in a granite than a diorite

59
Q

which of the following is the least reliable physical property

A

color

60
Q

which of the following locations is least likely to have active volcanoes

A

transform fault

61
Q

the silica tetrahedra readily bonds with cations when available because

A

it has a net negative charge

62
Q

chunks of rocks that break off from country rocks and fall into magmas are called

A

xenoliths

63
Q

which of the following processes would most likely yield a granitic magma

A

partial melting of the continental crust

64
Q

isochrons on the seafloor are roughly ____ the ridge axis along which they were created

A

parallel to and symmetric about

65
Q

magma is by defintion

A

molten rock below the surface

66
Q

the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 describes which of the followins minerals

A

olivine

67
Q

if the position between antennas on two plates moving away from each other changes by 10 mm/yr, then each plate is moving at approximately

A

5 mm/yr

68
Q

what type of mineral is gypsum, (CaSO4-2H2O) the primary component of drywall

A

sulfate

69
Q

the Appalachian Mountains formed from an ancient _____ plate boundary

A

convergent

70
Q

which of the following minerals does not normally occur in granite

A

olivine

71
Q

the Great Rift Valley of East Africa is an early-stage

A

divergent boundary

72
Q

hardness is referred to as a mineral’s

A

resistance to scratching

73
Q

what type of lave is most likely to erupt at a tectonic setting where two oceanic plates are moving away from each other (mid ocean ridge)

A

basalt (mafic)

74
Q

what type of lava erupts in a volcanic setting where two oceanic plates meet and one is subducted below the other

A

andesite and basalt

75
Q

what type of lava erupts in a volcanic setting where a continental plate and oceanic plate meet and the oceanic is subducted

A

andesite, rhyolite, and basalt are possibilites

76
Q

the classification of igneous rocks is dependent on texture and

A

the relative proportion of silicate minerals

77
Q

what type of minerals is calcite (CaCO3)

A

carbonates

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

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