Chapter 13 E2

Question 1

sudden shaking of the ground caused by the failure of a stressed fault

Answer 1

earthquake

Question 2

an estimate of the average amount of time between large earthquakes in a given location or on a given fault

Answer 2

recurrence interval

Question 3

the place within earth where earthquake waves originated

Answer 3

focus

Question 4

point on the surface directly above the focus

Answer 4

epicenter

Question 5

two body waves

Answer 5

p waves and s waves

Question 6

travels fastest and arrive first goes through everything; push-pull

Answer 6

p waves

Question 7

second waves to arrive; can’t travel through liquid or gas; up-down

Answer 7

s waves

Question 8

last waves to arrive; travel on the surface of the earth

Answer 8

surface waves

Question 9

a measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based on the amount of damage

Answer 9

intensity

Question 10

concept introduced by Charles Richter; measures amplitude of seismic waves

Answer 10

Richter magnitude

Question 11

possible precursors

Answer 11

change in number of earthquakes, slow ground motion, electromagnetic waves, water chemistry, changes in animal behavior

Question 12

events decay with time

Answer 12

Omori’s law

Question 13

largest aftershocks are less than 1.2 M less than the mainshock

Answer 13

Bath’s law

Question 14

unsaturated material behaves like a fluid; underground objects may rise to the surface and surface objects may sink

Answer 14

liquefaction