Chapter 7 E2

Question 1

all changes in the original form and or size or a rock body

Answer 1

deformation

Question 2

most crustal deformation occurs along

Answer 2

plate margins

Question 3

two main kinds of deformation

Answer 3

brittle and ductile

Question 4

permanent deformation, rock remains deformed

Answer 4

plastic deformation

Question 5

like a spring, release stress and rock returns to original shape

Answer 5

elastic deformation

Question 6

strain accumulates to a point where the rock breaks (earthquakes)

Answer 6

brittle deformation

Question 7

measure of a force acting on a rock as a function of its area

Answer 7

stress

Question 8

compression forces

Answer 8

squeeze

Question 9

tensional forces

Answer 9

pull apart

Question 10

shearing forces

Answer 10

forces moving in opposite directions

Question 11

warmer rocks are easier to _____

Answer 11

deform and fold

Question 12

colder rocks are more

Answer 12

brittle

Question 13

upfold; oldest rock in center

Answer 13

anticline

Question 14

downfold; youngest rock in center

Answer 14

syncline

Question 15

folds can be

Answer 15

symmetrical, asymmetrical or overturned

Question 16

how a rock deforms in response to stress

Answer 16

strain

Question 17

effect of ductile deformation; rocks bent into a series of waves; most result from compressional forces which shorten and thicken the crust

Answer 17

folds

Question 18

where folds die out they are said to be

Answer 18

plunging

Question 19

can assume that most of the time the dip in the layer of the plunging fold is toward the ______ layer

Answer 19

youngest

Question 20

two other types of folds

Answer 20

domes and basins

Question 21

circular upward displacement of rocks; oldest rocks at core

Answer 21

dome

Question 22

circular, downward displacement of rocks, youngest rocks at core

Answer 22

basin

Question 23

fractures or breaks in rocks along which appreciable displacement has taken place;

Answer 23

faults

Question 24

hanging wall moves down; caused by tensional forces; prevalent at spreading centers

Answer 24

normal fault

Question 25

hanging wall moves up; compressional stresses;

Answer 25

reverse and thrust faults

Question 26

strike slip faults can be ___ or ___

Answer 26

right-lateral or left lateral

Question 27

most common force for faults

Answer 27

compressional forces

Question 28

brittle fractures along which no appreciable displacement has occurred

Answer 28

joints

Question 29

shearing force

Answer 29

occurs where the two plates are moving in opposite directions; like at a transform fault