Chapter 17 E3 - Groundwater

Question 1

largest freshwater reservoir for humans that is EASILY accessible

Answer 1

groundwater

Question 2

dissolving by groundwater produces

Answer 2

sinkholes and caverns

Question 3

include all the places that water is stored in and on the earth

Answer 3

reservoirs

Question 4

what is the effect called where mountains, wind, rain, and oceans are involved

Answer 4

the rain shadow effect

Question 5

the upper limit of the zone of saturation

Answer 5

water table

Question 6

the water table roughly follows

Answer 6

topography

Question 7

what is another type of water table

Answer 7

perched water table where there is an aquiclude of impermeable rock underneath it

Question 8

percentage of pore spaces; determines how much groundwater can be stored

Answer 8

porosity

Question 9

ability to transmit water through connected pore spaces

Answer 9

permeability

Question 10

an impermeable layer of material

Answer 10

aquitard

Question 11

a permeable layer of materal

Answer 11

aquifer

Question 12

porosity depends on

Answer 12

the sorting of the grains, packing, and grain shape; well sorted grains have more porosity

Question 13

Darcy’s law

Answer 13

Q=A(K x h/1)

volume of water = cross sectional area of flow (permeability x vertical drop/flow distance)

Question 14

water is heated by the geothermal gradient

Answer 14

warm springs

Question 15

water is heated by the cooling of igneous rock

Answer 15

hot springs

Question 16

intermittent hot springs; water turns to steam and erupts

Answer 16

geysers

Question 17

pumping can form a _____ in the water table

Answer 17

cone of depression

Question 18

water in the well rises higher than the initial groundwater level

Answer 18

artesian wells

Question 19

an inclined aquifer can produce an

Answer 19

artesian well; good model for coastal plain of georgia

Question 20

in the freshwater seawater boundary the pressure of ______ keeps _____ offshore

Answer 20

freshwater

saltwater

Question 21

groundwater is often mildly

Answer 21

acidic; contains a weak carbonic acid

Question 22

formed by dissolving rock at or near earth’s surface; common features are sinkholes (surface depressions) , sinkholes formed by dissolving bedrock and cavern collapse, caves, and caverns; area lacks good surface drainage

Answer 22

karst topography