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EAS 2600 > Exam 1 Summer 17 old test > Flashcards

Exam 1 Summer 17 old test Flashcards

1
Q

what type of magma forms when the upper mantle undergoes decompression melting

A

mafic

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2
Q

which of the following best describes and andesite

A

a fine-grained, intermediate igneous rock

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3
Q

based upon the image below of the Yellowstone area, which way is the North American Plate moving

A

southwest

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4
Q

as we go deeper in Earth and the pressure grows we encounter minerals with

A

more compact crystal structures

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5
Q

which of the following minerals crystallizes from a magma at the lowest temperature

A

quartz

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6
Q

what is the eruption temperature of basaltic lava

A

1000 to 1200 degrees celcius

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7
Q

mantle plumes generate large volumes of _____ magmas

A

basaltic

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8
Q

how many cleavage planes do sheet silicates tend to have

A

one

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9
Q

the motion of a flowing material in which hot matter rises from the bottom and cool matter sinks from the surface is called

A

convection

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10
Q

the most common rock forming minerals in the curst are

A

silicates

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11
Q

the shape in which individual minerals or an aggregate of minerals grow is called

A

habit

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12
Q

____ is the most common mineral or mineral group in Earth’s crust

A

feldspar

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13
Q

the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks is

A

where they solidify

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14
Q

what type of mineral is pyrite (FeS2) also known as fools gold

A

sulfide

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15
Q

the mineral property “cleavage” refers to the

A

splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces

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16
Q

which of the following pairs of intrusive and extrusive rocks have the same chemical composition

A

gabbro and basalt

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17
Q

how do we know that the initial composition of the melt that the Palisades sill was mafic

A

there is basalt in the contact zone where the melt chilled

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18
Q

the classification of igneous rocks is dependent on texture and the relative proportion of silicate minerals

A

silicate minerals

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19
Q

in order to make a sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl) bond in NaCL

A

one electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom

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20
Q

what is the term for atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

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21
Q

if a magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the remaining magma will be

A

more felsic

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22
Q

which of the following rocks is a volcanic rock made up of lithified pyroclastic material

A

tuff

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23
Q

ultramafic lava flows are relatively uncommon. why is that?

A

they have a high melting point and the crustal temperature is low

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24
Q

which of the following minerals is common in both felsic and mafic igneous rocks

A

plagioclase feldspar

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25
Q

large crystals with well formed crystal faces tend to form when

A

minerals have space to grow

26
Q

which of the following minerals is rarely found in felsic igneous rocks

A

olivine

27
Q

the silica tetrahedra readily bonds with cations when available becasue

A

it has a net negative charge

28
Q

which of the following processes would most likely yield a granitic magma

A

partial melting of the continental crust

29
Q

what is the origin of the word “felsic” in the context of igneous rock classification

A

feldspar and silica

30
Q

the rock cycle describes how the three basic rock groups

A

form, break down, and relate to one another

31
Q

continental crust is ___ than oceanic crust

A

less dense than

32
Q

the process whereby two different magmas mix is called

A

magma mixing

33
Q

which of the following best describes a rhyolite

A

fine grained igneous rock rich in silica

34
Q

magma is by definition

A

molten rock below the surface

35
Q

most of the world’s active volcanoes are located around the edge of which ocean

A

the Pacific ocean

36
Q

what mineral class is more likely to exhibit covalent bonding

A

silicates

37
Q

which of the following statements regarding the density of materials is false

A

density increases with increasing temperature F
(density depends on the closeness of the atomic packing, increases with increasing pressure, and depends on the atomic weight of the ions in a mineral)

38
Q

which of the following minerals is most likely to settle to the bottom of a magma chamber

A

olivine

39
Q

approximately 50% of earth’s crust is made up of which element

A

oxygen

40
Q

which of the following minerals does not exhibit cleavage

A

quartz

41
Q

which of the following lists is in the correct order of increasing silica content

A

gabbro, diorite, granite

42
Q

what type of volcanic rock contains a large number of vesicles (bubbles) that form when gases escape from the solidifying melt

A

pumice

43
Q

which of the following subatomic particles has a positive charge

A

protons

44
Q

the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 describes which of the following minerals

A

olivine

45
Q

in identical mineral structures, cations of similar sizes often substitute for each other. based on size similarities which of the following pairs would you expect to substitute most easily

A

Mg 2+ and Fe 2+

46
Q

Bowen’s reaction series describes

A

the sequence in which minerals form when magmas cool

47
Q

which of the following elements is more abundant in earth’s crust than in earth as a whole

A

silicon

48
Q

what type of mineral is gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O), the primary component of plaster

A

sulfate

49
Q

what would we expect to find when two oceanic lithospheres converge

A

a volcanic island arc

50
Q

what type of igneous rock would you expect to find on the continent near where oceanic and continental plates converge (volcano on continent)

A

all of the above

intermediate, mafic, and felsic

51
Q

what type of plate boundary is it when continent and ocean meet

A

convergent

52
Q

which type of igneous rock would you expect to find on the oceanic subducting plate

A

basalt

53
Q

the two most common elements in earth’s crust are

A

oxygen and silicon

54
Q

what is the approximate silica content of granite

A

70%

55
Q

which of the following atomic configurations is an anion

A

(more electrons than protons)

24 protons, 26 neutrons, and 30 electrons

56
Q

at approximately what temp do olivine and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar crystallize from a mafic melt

A

1200 degrees celcius

57
Q

rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock are called

A

igneous

58
Q

what mineral class is more likely to exhibit metallic bonding

A

native elements

59
Q

when cleaved, mica breaks through planes of

A

interlayer cations

60
Q

which of the following statements is true

A

cations are generally smaller than anions

cations are not larger than anions and they are not the same size

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

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