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Anatomy II > Exam 3: Skull lecture iv and Eye, Ear, Etc lecture i > Flashcards

Exam 3: Skull lecture iv and Eye, Ear, Etc lecture i Flashcards

1
Q

the veins of the face and scalp generally accompany _, providing _ venous drainage

A

arteries, superficial venous drainage

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2
Q

facial vein: provides _ of face and drains into the _ vein

A

primary superficial drainage of face, internal jugular vein

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3
Q

as with most superficial veins, these veins are subject to many

A

variations

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4
Q

many face and scalp veins drain into the _ or _ vein

A

external jugular vein or internal jugular vein

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5
Q

cranial meninges: t/f: there are 3 membranous, intracranial brain-covering layers

A

true

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6
Q

cranial meninges: what are the 3 membranous, intracranial brain-covering layers

A
  1. a substantial, bilaminar outer layer (dura)

2-3. two continuous, delicate, membranous inner layers

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7
Q

functions of the cranial meninges: (3)

A
  1. protect brain
  2. form a supporting framework for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses
  3. enclose a fluid-filled cavity, the subarachnoid space
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8
Q

subarachnoid space: is btwn _ and _

A

arachnoid and pia mater

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9
Q

subarachnoid space: is rqd for

A

normal brain fcn

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10
Q

subarachnoid space: contains _ fluid, _ cells and trabeculae, arteries, and veins

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), trabecular cells

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11
Q

the meninges include: (3)

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid
  3. pia mater
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12
Q

cranial meninges: dura mater (describe)

A

tough, thick, fibrous layer (most superficial of the 3)

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13
Q

cranial meninges: arachnoid (arachnoid mater) (describe)

A

thin, middle layer

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14
Q

cranial meninges: pia mater (describe)

A

delicate and vasculated; deepest meninx

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15
Q

cranial meninges: the pia mater together with the arachnoid forms the

A

leptomeninx

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16
Q

the subarachnoid space is btwn the _ and _ and contains _

A

btwn arachnoid and pia mater; contains CSF

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17
Q

CSF: a _ liquid similar to

A

clear liquid similar to blood plasma

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18
Q

CSF: provides nutrients but has less

A

protein and different ion concentrations than blood

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19
Q

CSF: formed by the _ of the 4 ventricles of the brain

A

choroid plexuses

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20
Q

CSF: a filtrate of plasma leaves the _ enters the ventricles; it then exits the ventricular system and enters the _, where it cushions and nourishes the brain

A

leaves the choroid plexuses, enters the subarachnoid space

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21
Q

CSF: arachnoid granulations are collections of

A

arachnoid villi

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22
Q

CSF: arachnoid granulations are tufted prolongations of the _ that protrude through the _ and into _ and transfer CSF into venous blood

A

prolongations of the arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura mater and into venous-blood-filled spaces (dural venous sinuses)

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23
Q

dura mater: has 2 layers (except around spinal cord):

  1. an _ layer formed by _ covering the _ skull surface
  2. an _ layer that is continuous at the _ w/ the spinal dura mater that covers the spinal cord
A
  1. an external periosteal layer formed by the periosteum covering the internal skull surface
  2. an internal meningeal layer that is continuous at the foramen magnum w/ the spinal dura mater that covers the spinal cord
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24
Q

dura mater: the periosteal layer adheres tightly to the _; it is continuous with the _ on the _ surface of the calvaria

A

tightly to the internal skull surface, continuous w/ periosteum on the external surface of the calvaria

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25
Q

dura mater: its 2 layers separate in certain location to form (a of b) _ that penetrate large fissures btwn parts of the brain, incompletely dividing the cranial cavity into smaller compartments that help prevent _

A

dural folds, prevent brain movement

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26
Q

dura mater: dural folds include (3)

A
  1. falx cerebri
  2. falx cerebelli
  3. tentorium cerebelli
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27
Q

dura mater: dural folds: falx cerebri: btwn the _ and _ hemispheres

A

right and left cerebral hemispheres

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28
Q

dura mater: dural folds: falx cerebelli: btwn the _ and _ hemispheres

A

rt and lt cerebellar hemispheres

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29
Q

dura mater: dural folds: tentorium cerebelli: btwn _ and _

A

occipital lobes of cerebrum and cerebellum

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30
Q

dura mater: its 2 layers separate in certain locations to form (b of b)

A

dural venous sinuses

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31
Q

dura mater: dural venous sinuses are _-lined spaces btwn the _ and _ layers of the dura

A

endothelium-lined spaces btwn the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura

32
Q

dura mater: dural venous sinuses: large _ from the surface of the brain empty into these sinuses and most of the blood from the brain ultimately drains through them into the _

A

veins; into the internal jugular veins

33
Q

dura mater: dural venous sinuses: include the _ and _ sinus, the _ sinus, and the _ sinus

A

superior and sagittal sinus, the transverse sinus, and the sigmoid sinus

34
Q

orbit: the roof and floor of the orbit are shared w/ the _ and _ respectively, and much of the paper-thin medial wall is common to the _ cells

A

cranial fossa and the maxillary sinus respectively, ethmoidal cells

35
Q

orbit: the medial wall and floor are thus vulnerable to _

A

the spread of disease from the paranasal sinuses and to blowout fractures when blunt force is applied to the orbit

36
Q

orbit: the _ and _ at the apex of the orbit are the primary paths by which structures enter and exit the orbits

A

optic canal and superior orbital fissure

37
Q

lacrimal apparatus: contains what 3 structures

A

palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, conjunctival sac

38
Q

lacrimal apparatus: palpebral conjunctiva: a _ that covers the _ surface of the eyelid, which is continuous with the _

A

a transparent mucous membrane that covers the internal surface of the eyelid, which is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva

39
Q

lacrimal apparatus: bulbar conjunctiva: the conjunctiva where it is _ onto the eyeball

A

reflected

40
Q

lacrimal apparatus: conjunctival sac: a special form of _ that enables the eyelids to move over the surface of the eyeball, spreading the _

A

“bursa”; spreading the moistening and lubricating film of lacrimal fluid w/in the sac

41
Q

lacrimal gland: secretes _ fluid, a physiological saline containing a _ enzyme

A

lacrimal fluid, containing a bactericidal enzyme

42
Q

although the conjunctival sac opens anteriorly via the _ fissure, lacrimal fluid does not normally cross a lipid barrier created by the secretions of tiny _ glands onto the margins of the fissure

A

via the palpebral fissure, tiny tarsal glands (w/in the eyelids)

43
Q

eyeball: fibrous layer of the eyeball: (describe)

A

a supporting, outer, fibrous “skeleton”

44
Q

eyeball: fibrous layer of the eyeball that provides shape via what 2 structures

A
  1. sclera

2. cornea

45
Q

fibrous layer of the eyeball: sclera (describe); provides point attachment for _ and _ muscles

A

forms 5/6 of the fibrous layer; tough and opaque; provides point of attachment for extrinsic and intrinsic eye muscles

46
Q

fibrous layer of the eyeball: cornea (describe)

A

anterior 1/6 of fibrous layer; avascular and transparent; the main refractive component of the eyeball (that is, bends light to the greatest degree), focusing an inverted image on the light-sensitive retina

47
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: the _ layer

A

middle

48
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: choroid: dark reddish brown layer btwn _ and _

A

sclera and retina

49
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: choroid: lines most of the _; engorged with blood and provides nourishment to the _ of the retina

A

sclera; nourishment to the rods and cones of the retina

50
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: choroid: firmly attached to the _ of the retina; is continuous anteriorly with the _

A

pigment layer of the retina; continuous anteriorly with the ciliary body

51
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: ciliary body: a ring-like thickening of the vascular layer that is _ as well as vascular and connects choroid with _

A

muscular; choroid with iris

52
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: ciliary body: provides attachment for

A

the lens

53
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: ciliary body: contains _ muscle that controls the thickness, and thus the focus, of the lens

A

smooth muscle (the ciliary muscle)

54
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: ciliary body: contains ciliary processes, which secrete the _ that fills the anterior segment of the eyeball

A

aqueous humor

55
Q

vascular layer of eyeball: iris: a thin contractile diaphragm w/ a _ for transmitting light

A

central aperture, the pupil

56
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: iris: lies on the _ surface of the lens

A

anterior surface

57
Q

vascular layer of the eyeball: iris: contains 2 smooth muscles for controlling

A

pupillary size

58
Q

inner layer of the eyeball: the _

A

retina

59
Q

inner layer of the eyeball: optic portion of retina has 2 layers which are

A
  1. neural layer

2. pigmented layer

60
Q

inner layer of the eyeball: optic portion of retina: neural layer: is receptive to _

A

light

61
Q

inner layer of the eyeball: optic portion of retina: pigmented layer: _ layer of cells that reinforces the _ property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball

A

single layer of cells, reinforces the light-absorbing property of the choroid

62
Q

inner layer of the eyeball: nonvisual portion of retina: an _ continuation of the pigmented layer and a layer of _ cells

A

anterior continuation; supporting cells

63
Q

inner layer of the eyeball: nonvisual portion of retina: it extends over the _ and _ of the iris

A

ciliary body and the posterior surface of the iris

64
Q

compartments of the eyeball: anterior segment of the eyeball: an _, aqueous-humor-filled eyeball space located anterior to the _, suspensory ligaments, and ciliary body

A

an interior, aqueous-humor-filled eyeball space located anterior to the lens

65
Q

compartments of the eyeball: anterior segment of the eyeball: subdivided by the _ and _ into what 2 chambers

A

subdivided by the iris and pupil into the anterior chamber and posterior chamber

66
Q

compartments of the eyeball: anterior segment of the eyeball: anterior chamber: btwn _ and _

A

cornea and iris/pupil

67
Q

compartments of the eyeball: anterior segment of the eyeball: posterior chamber: btwn _ and _

A

iris/pupil and lens and ciliary body

68
Q

compartments of the eyeball: posterior segment: an _ eyeball space located posterior to the _

A

internal, lens

69
Q

compartments of the eyeball: posterior segment: filled w/ _ a watery fluid enclosed in the _ a transparent jelly-like substance that transmits light and holds the retina in place

A

vitreous humor, vitreous body

70
Q

lens: transparent, biconcave structure posterior to _ and anterior to _

A

posterior to iris and anterior to vitreous humor

71
Q

lens: connected to the ciliary processes by _, which collectively form the _

A

ciliary fibers, collectively form the suspensory ligament

72
Q

lens: its convexity constantly varies to fine-tune the _

A

focusing on the retina of near and far away objects

73
Q

eyeball movements: adduction: pupil moves _ as eyeball rotates around an axis (vertical) running from _ to _

A

moves medially, running from superior to inferior

74
Q

eyeball movements: abduction: pupil moves _ as eyeball rotates around axis (vertical) running from _ to _

A

moves laterally, running from superior to inferior

75
Q

eyeball movements: elevation: pupil moves _ as eyeball rotates around axis (transverse) running from _ to _

A

moves superiorly, running from lateral to medial

76
Q

eyeball movements: depression: pupil moves _ as eyeball rotates around axis (transverse) running from _ to _

A

moves inferiorly, running from lateral to medial

77
Q

eyeball movements: medial and lateral rotation: pupil stays put as eyeball rotates around an axis from _ to _

A

anterior to posterior

Anatomy II (28 decks)

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