Exam 3: Lower limb contd lecture ii Flashcards
tibial nerve: a terminal branch of the _ nerve
sciatic
tibial nerve: near the medial _, divides into the medial and lateral _ nerves
medial malleolus, plantar nerves
tibial nerve: one of its branches, the _ nerve, contributes to the sural nerve, which supplies some of the skin of the _ and _
medial sural cutaneous nerve, some skin of the foot and skin of the lateral and posterior part of inferior leg
posterior tibial artery: a terminal branch of the _ artery
popliteal artery
posterior tibial artery: runs alongside _ nerve
tibial
posterior tibial artery: supplies _ compartment and _
posterior compartment and foot
posterior tibial artery: inferiorly, divides in the _ and _ arteries, the arteries of the sole of the foot
medial and lateral plantar arteries
plantar fascia: the _ fascia of the sole
deep
plantar fascia: holds foot together, help protect sole, and helps support the _ of the foot
longitudinal arches
plantar aponeurosis: formed by the central part of the _ fascia
plantar fascia
plantar aponeurosis: arises from (bone)
calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis: divides distally into 5 bands that become continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths that enclose the _
flexor tendons to the toes
medial longitudinal arch: runs _ to _ (anatomical position)
posterior to anterior
lateral longitudinal arch: runs _ to _ (anatomical position)
posterior to anterior
transverse arch: runs _ to _ (anatomical position)
medial to lateral
the plantar aponeurosis, _ ligament, and _ ligament are very important in maintaining the arches
long plantar ligament, and short plantar ligament
foot: compartments of the sole: all foot muscles are contained w/in 4 (or 5 depending on whether one “counts” the dorsal) compartments: _, _, _, and _
medial, central, lateral, and interosseous
foot: compartments of the sole: the interosseous compartment is present only in the _ and contains the _
forefoot, metatarsals
foot: muscles: of the 20 individual muscles of the foot, most are located on the _ aspect, followed by _ position where the least are on the _ aspect
plantar aspect (14) followed by (4) in the intermediate position then dorsal aspect (2)
foot: muscles: most of these muscles fcn to
a. maintain the foot’s arches
b. refine the efforts of the long muscles (esp in producing pronation and supination to enable the foot to adjust to uneven ground)
c. and/or flex, extend, abduct, or adduct one or more toes
d. all of the above
d
foot: muscles: they are innervated by the _ and _ nerves
medial and lateral plantar nerves
dorsalis pedis artery: terminal branch of _ artery
anterior tibial artery
dorsalis pedis artery: its branches include the _ btwn toes 1 and 2, which enters the sole
deep plantar artery
hip joint: classification
synovial, ball and socket
hip joint: articulating surfaces: head of femur and
lunate surface of acetabulum of hip bone
hip joint: _ ligament bridges the gap (acetabular notch) in the lunate surface to form a complete “socket”
transverse acetabular ligament
hip joint: formed of a loose external _ layer that runs from near the acetabulum to the femoral neck, and an internal _ membrane
loose external fibrous layer (fibrous capsule) and an internal synovial membrane
hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: _ side of joint
anterior
hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: origin
from anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim
hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: prevents _ by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum during extension
joint hyperextension
hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: insertion
to intertrochanteric line
hip joint: ligament of the head of the femur: origin
from the edge of the acetabular notch
hip joint: ligament of the head of the femur: insertion
to the femoral fovea for the ligament of the head
hip joint: ligament of the head of the femur: fat pad: fills part of the _
acetabulum
hip joint: movements: hip movements are (4)
- flexion-extension
- abduction-adduction
- medial-lateral rotation
- circumduction
hip joint: movements: movements of the trunk at the hip joints are also important t/f
true; ex sit-ups
hip joint: movements: the degree of flexion/extension depends partly on
whether the knee is flexed
hip joint: movements: during hip extension, the taut iliofemoral ligament means that only _ is possible
slight hyperextension
hip joint: movements: lateral hip rotation is less powerful than medial rotation t/f
false; MORE POWERFUL
hip joint: movements: _ is the strongest hip flexor
iliopsoas
hip joint: movements: _ is the primary hip extensor (at least from the flexed to the anatomical position; beyond that the hamstrings provide extension)
gluteus maximus
knee joint: classification
synovial, hinge (primarily)
knee joint: actually involves _ articulations (none involving the fibula)
3 articulations
knee joint: _ = articulation btwn lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles
(2 of 3 articulations) lateral and medial femorotibial articulation
knee joint: _= articulation btwn patella and femur
(1 of 3 articulations) femoropatellar articulation
knee joint: _ plays a large role in stabilizing the joint
quadriceps femoris
knee joint: an infrapatellar fat pad (not contained w/in the synovial-fluid-filled _, or joint, _) is present _ to the patella
(articular, or joint, cavity); posterior to patella
knee joint: joint capsule: formed of an external fibrous layer (fibrous capsule) that attaches to _ superiorly and _ inferiorly, and an internal _ membrane
femur superiorly, tibia inferiorly, internal synovial membrane
knee joint: joint capsule: posteriorly, the fibrous capsule contains a gap to allow passage of _ tendon
popliteus tendon
knee joint: joint capsule: anteriorly, it is replaced by the _ tendon, patella, and _ ligament
quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
knee joint: extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament: the distal part of the _ tendon
quadriceps femoris tendon
knee joint: extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament: from _ to _
from patella to tibial tuberosity
knee joint: extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament: laterally it receives the _, which are aponeurotic expansions of the vastus medialis and lateralis and overlying fascia
medial and lateral patellar retinacula
