Exam 2: Lower Limb lecture iii Flashcards
superficial fascia includes
fat, connective tissue, cutaneous nerves, and superficial blood vessels
deep fascia includes
septa, deep blood vessels and nerves
deep fascia of the leg: attaches to the periosteum of the _ and forms part of the attachments of the underlying _
tibia, muscles
deep fascia of the leg: extensor retinacula is thickened bands both superior and anterior to _ joint formed by the _ that stabilize tendons
ankle joint, deep fascia
deep fascia of the leg: like the thigh, the leg is separated into _ compartments by fascia and they are _
3 compartments; anterior, lateral (medial in the thigh), and posterior
superficial veins of lower limb: are in the _ tissue
subcutaneous
superficial veins of lower limb: run independent from _
named arteries
superficial veins of lower limb: contain _ valves
one-way valves
superficial veins of lower limb: great saphenous vein (medial/lateral?); formed by the union of the _ and _; empties into the _ vein
medial; union of dorsal vein of the great toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot; femoral vein
superior veins of lower limb: small saphenous vein (anteriolateral/posteriolateral?); formed by the union of _ and _
posteriolateral; union of dorsal vein of little toe and the dorsal venous arch
superior veins of lower limb: small saphenous vein communicates with _; empties into the _
great saphenous vein; empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
superior veins of lower limb: both saphenous veins continuously shunt (push) blood to the deep veins of the lower limbs via _ veins; blood in these veins only flows from _ to _ veins
perforating veins; flow from superficial to deep veins
2 key deep veins in the thigh:
- profunda vein
2. femoral vein
deep veins of lower limb: accompany all the _
major arteries (and are similarly named)
deep veins of lower limb: usually occur as _, frequently interconnecting, veins that flank the _ they accompany
usu occur as paired, flank the artery they accompany
deep veins of lower limb: are contained w/in a _ with the artery
vascular sheath
deep veins of lower limb: popliteal vein is (anterior/posterior) to knee
posterior
deep veins of lower limb: popliteal vein: receives blood from: (4)
- small saphenous vein
- anterior tibial vein
- posterior tibial vein
- fibular vein
deep veins of lower limb: femoral vein continuation in the thigh of _ vein
popliteal vein
deep veins of lower limb: femoral vein: passes _ to the inguinal ligament to become the _ vein
deep to inguinal ligament, external iliac vein
deep veins of lower limb: profunda femoris vein receives blood from
thigh muscles
deep veins of lower limb: profunda femoris vein drains into
femoral vein
lower limb lymph drainage: most lymph from the lower limb drains via _ that follow the superficial veins to the _ nodes, but some lymphatics follow deep veins to _ nodes
lymphatics, superficial inguinal lymph nodes, deep inguinal nodes
lower limb innervation: dermatomes are areas of skin supplied by the _, including those _ contributing to the nerve plexuses
individual spinal nerves, including those spinal nerves contributing to the nerve plexuses
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: skin of the lower limb is supplied by _ in _ tissue; these nerves (w/ a couple of exceptions) are branches of the _ and _ plexuses
cutaneous nerves in subcutaneous tissue; branches of the lumbar and sacral plexuses
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: the cutaneous innervation reflects both the “original” and _ innervation via separate _ and the result of plexus formation (the latter leads to multisegmental peripheral nerves)
both “original” and segmental (dermatomal) innervation via separate spinal nerves and the result of plexus formation
a given nerve carries _ and _ nerves
motor and sensory nerves
t/f: cutaneous nerves are multisegmental
true
both a muscle and a movement will most likely involve more than 1 _
spinal cord segment
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: selected cutaneous nerves (5)
- anterior cutaneous branches (of femoral nerve)
- posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- saphenous nerve
- medial plantar nerve
- lateral plantar nerve
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: anterior cutaneous branches supply what skin regions
skin of anterior and medial thigh
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply what skin regions
skin of posterior thigh and popliteal fossa
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: saphenous nerve supply what skin regions
skin on medial side of leg and foot
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: medial plantar nerve supply what skin regions
skin of medial side of sole, and skin of part of medial 3.5 toes
cutaneous innervation of lower limb: lateral plantar nerve supply what skin regions
skin of lateral side of sole, and skin of part of lateral 1.5 toes
motor innervation of lower limb: myotome: the embryological muscle mass receiving innervation from a _ or _
a single spinal cord segment or spinal nerve
motor innervation of lower limb: lower limb muscles usually receive motor fibers from _
several spinal cord segments or nerves
motor innervation of lower limb: lower limb muscles usually receive motor fibers from _ THUS, most muscles are composed of more than one _, and most often, _ are involved in producing a movement of the lower limb
several spinal cord segments or nerves THUS more than one myotome and multiple spinal cord segments are involved
types of isotonic contraction (2)
- concentric contraction
2. eccentric contraction
types of isotonic contraction: concentric contraction
contraction in which movement occurs as a result of the muscle SHORTENING
types of isotonic contraction: eccentric contraction, contraction in which the muscle undergoes a controlled and gradual _ while continually exerting a (diminishing) force
RELAXATION; lengthening when contracted
ex: the deltoid, typically called an upper limb abductor (and an antagonist in adduction), is the muscle being actively innervated during adduction at the shoulder
