Exam 2: Lower Limb lecture iii

Question 1

superficial fascia includes

Answer 1

fat, connective tissue, cutaneous nerves, and superficial blood vessels

Question 2

deep fascia includes

Answer 2

septa, deep blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

deep fascia of the leg: attaches to the periosteum of the _ and forms part of the attachments of the underlying _

Answer 3

tibia, muscles

Question 4

deep fascia of the leg: extensor retinacula is thickened bands both superior and anterior to _ joint formed by the _ that stabilize tendons

Answer 4

ankle joint, deep fascia

Question 5

deep fascia of the leg: like the thigh, the leg is separated into _ compartments by fascia and they are _

Answer 5

3 compartments; anterior, lateral (medial in the thigh), and posterior

Question 6

superficial veins of lower limb: are in the _ tissue

Answer 6

subcutaneous

Question 7

superficial veins of lower limb: run independent from _

Answer 7

named arteries

Question 8

superficial veins of lower limb: contain _ valves

Answer 8

one-way valves

Question 9

superficial veins of lower limb: great saphenous vein (medial/lateral?); formed by the union of the _ and _; empties into the _ vein

Answer 9

medial; union of dorsal vein of the great toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot; femoral vein

Question 10

superior veins of lower limb: small saphenous vein (anteriolateral/posteriolateral?); formed by the union of _ and _

Answer 10

posteriolateral; union of dorsal vein of little toe and the dorsal venous arch

Question 11

superior veins of lower limb: small saphenous vein communicates with _; empties into the _

Answer 11

great saphenous vein; empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

Question 12

superior veins of lower limb: both saphenous veins continuously shunt (push) blood to the deep veins of the lower limbs via _ veins; blood in these veins only flows from _ to _ veins

Answer 12

perforating veins; flow from superficial to deep veins

Question 13

2 key deep veins in the thigh:

Answer 13

1. profunda vein

2. femoral vein

Question 14

deep veins of lower limb: accompany all the _

Answer 14

major arteries (and are similarly named)

Question 15

deep veins of lower limb: usually occur as _, frequently interconnecting, veins that flank the _ they accompany

Answer 15

usu occur as paired, flank the artery they accompany

Question 16

deep veins of lower limb: are contained w/in a _ with the artery

Answer 16

vascular sheath

Question 17

deep veins of lower limb: popliteal vein is (anterior/posterior) to knee

Answer 17

posterior

Question 18

deep veins of lower limb: popliteal vein: receives blood from: (4)

Answer 18

1. small saphenous vein
2. anterior tibial vein
3. posterior tibial vein
4. fibular vein

Question 19

deep veins of lower limb: femoral vein continuation in the thigh of _ vein

Answer 19

popliteal vein

Question 20

deep veins of lower limb: femoral vein: passes _ to the inguinal ligament to become the _ vein

Answer 20

deep to inguinal ligament, external iliac vein

Question 21

deep veins of lower limb: profunda femoris vein receives blood from

Answer 21

thigh muscles

Question 22

deep veins of lower limb: profunda femoris vein drains into

Answer 22

femoral vein

Question 23

lower limb lymph drainage: most lymph from the lower limb drains via _ that follow the superficial veins to the _ nodes, but some lymphatics follow deep veins to _ nodes

Answer 23

lymphatics, superficial inguinal lymph nodes, deep inguinal nodes

Question 24

lower limb innervation: dermatomes are areas of skin supplied by the _, including those _ contributing to the nerve plexuses

Answer 24

individual spinal nerves, including those spinal nerves contributing to the nerve plexuses

Question 25

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: skin of the lower limb is supplied by _ in _ tissue; these nerves (w/ a couple of exceptions) are branches of the _ and _ plexuses

Answer 25

cutaneous nerves in subcutaneous tissue; branches of the lumbar and sacral plexuses

Question 26

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: the cutaneous innervation reflects both the “original” and _ innervation via separate _ and the result of plexus formation (the latter leads to multisegmental peripheral nerves)

Answer 26

both “original” and segmental (dermatomal) innervation via separate spinal nerves and the result of plexus formation

Question 27

a given nerve carries _ and _ nerves

Answer 27

motor and sensory nerves

Question 28

t/f: cutaneous nerves are multisegmental

Answer 28

true

Question 29

both a muscle and a movement will most likely involve more than 1 _

Answer 29

spinal cord segment

Question 30

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: selected cutaneous nerves (5)

Answer 30

1. anterior cutaneous branches (of femoral nerve)
2. posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
3. saphenous nerve
4. medial plantar nerve
5. lateral plantar nerve

Question 31

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: anterior cutaneous branches supply what skin regions

Answer 31

skin of anterior and medial thigh

Question 32

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply what skin regions

Answer 32

skin of posterior thigh and popliteal fossa

Question 33

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: saphenous nerve supply what skin regions

Answer 33

skin on medial side of leg and foot

Question 34

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: medial plantar nerve supply what skin regions

Answer 34

skin of medial side of sole, and skin of part of medial 3.5 toes

Question 35

cutaneous innervation of lower limb: lateral plantar nerve supply what skin regions

Answer 35

skin of lateral side of sole, and skin of part of lateral 1.5 toes

Question 36

motor innervation of lower limb: myotome: the embryological muscle mass receiving innervation from a _ or _

Answer 36

a single spinal cord segment or spinal nerve

Question 37

motor innervation of lower limb: lower limb muscles usually receive motor fibers from _

Answer 37

several spinal cord segments or nerves

Question 38

motor innervation of lower limb: lower limb muscles usually receive motor fibers from _ THUS, most muscles are composed of more than one _, and most often, _ are involved in producing a movement of the lower limb

Answer 38

several spinal cord segments or nerves THUS more than one myotome and multiple spinal cord segments are involved

Question 39

types of isotonic contraction (2)

Answer 39

1. concentric contraction

2. eccentric contraction

Question 40

types of isotonic contraction: concentric contraction

Answer 40

contraction in which movement occurs as a result of the muscle SHORTENING

Question 41

types of isotonic contraction: eccentric contraction, contraction in which the muscle undergoes a controlled and gradual _ while continually exerting a (diminishing) force

Answer 41

RELAXATION; lengthening when contracted
ex: the deltoid, typically called an upper limb abductor (and an antagonist in adduction), is the muscle being actively innervated during adduction at the shoulder