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Physiology > Exam 3 - Respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

VC

A

TV + ERV + IRV

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2
Q

IC

A

TV + IRV

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3
Q

FRC

A

ERV + RV

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4
Q

TLC

A

TV + ERV + IRV + RV

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5
Q

Inspiration

A

external intercostal and diaphragm contraction

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6
Q

Expiration

A

internal intercostal and abdominal contraction

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7
Q

Shift Right

A

Reduced affinity for O2, release O2, High Temp, High H+/CO2, low pH, High 2,3-BPG (activity)

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8
Q

Shift Left

A

Increased affinity, Decreased Temp, Decreased H+/CO2, Increased pH, Decreased 2,3-BPG (non-active)

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9
Q

Type 1 Alveolar Cells

A

exchange

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10
Q

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

A

surfactant

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11
Q

Airway Functions

A

warm air, add H2O, filter foreign

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12
Q

Goblet Cells

A

secrete mucus

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13
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Partial Pressures Sum Total Pressure

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14
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P1V1=P2V2

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15
Q

Hypocapnia

A

low CO2

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16
Q

Hypoxia

A

low O2 tissue

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17
Q

Hyperventilation

A

High O2

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18
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Low O2, High CO2

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19
Q

Emphysema

A

type of COPD, alveolar damage, lowers surface area

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20
Q

Capacity

A

more than one volume

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21
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

fluid accumulation, increased diffusion distance

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22
Q

Pleural Fluid

A

lubricant

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23
Q

Parietal PLeura

A

outer

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24
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

inner

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25
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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26
Q

RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant deficiency

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27
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low O2 in blood, low oxygenation

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28
Q

Surfactant

A

surface tension equalizer, more in smaller alveoli

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29
Q

Compliance

A

ability to stretch (RDS/tb complications)

30
Q

Elasticty

A

ability to return from stretch

31
Q

Haldane Effect

A

Increased Po2 affinity lowers CO2 affinity for hemoglobin binding

32
Q

Fibrosis

A

thickening of alveoli, diffusion barrier, lowered compliance, type of RLD

33
Q

Hypoxic Hypoxia

A

low O2 in blood, high altitude, hypoventilation, no adequate oxygen

34
Q

Anemic Hypoxia

A

Reduced O2 carrying, CO poisoning, anemia, problem with heme binding

35
Q

Ischemic Hypoxia

A

stagnant, insufficient blood flow, heart failure, shock, issues with transportation

36
Q

Histotoxic Hypoxia

A

unusable oxygen due to CN poisoning, present but not used

37
Q

COPD

A

emphysema (alveolar damage/decrease SA), chronic bronchitis (cough/mucus), chronic, non-reversible, environmental

38
Q

RDS

A

NRDS (lacks surfactant), ARDS (severe inflammation), acute, premature, infection

39
Q

Regulated Variables

A

O2, CO2, pH

40
Q

Arterial Po2 __ Venous Po2

41
Q

Venous Pco2 __ Arterial Pco2

42
Q

Venous pH __ Arterial pH

43
Q

Alveolar Po2 __ Blood Po2

44
Q

Blood Pco2 __ Alveolar Pco2

45
Q

Blood Po2 __ Tissue Po2

46
Q

Tissue Pco2 __ Blood Pco2

47
Q

Asthma

A

bronchiole restriction, decreased Po2, type of constriction disease

48
Q

QO2

A

CO x (Ao2 - Vo2)

49
Q

98% O2

50
Q

2% O2

51
Q

7% CO2

52
Q

23% CO2

53
Q

70% CO2

A

bicarbonate

54
Q

HbCO2

A

carbaminohemoglobin

55
Q

Cl- Shift

A

Chloride enters RBC, HCO3- leaves

56
Q

Medulla

A

inspiratory/expiratory muscles

57
Q

Pons

A

ventilation

58
Q

Chemoreceptors

59
Q

Phrenic Nerve

60
Q

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

A

carotid bodies

61
Q

Protective Reflexes

A

bronchoconstriction, sneezing, coughing, Hering-Breuer inflation reflex

62
Q

Low Po2 Innervation

A

Low Po2 -> K+ closed -> Depolarization -> Ca2+ open -> Vesicle Formation -> Synapse Signal -> Increased Ventilation

63
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air flow into the cavity, collapse

64
Q

Low Compliance

A

low stretch, RLD, fibrosis “thickening”, NRDS “surfactant”

65
Q

Surfactant

A

disrupts the cohesive force of water, made of proteins and phospholipids

66
Q

LaPlace

A

2(ST)/radius; smaller alveoli have more surfactant, pressure equalizes

67
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

increase resistance, parasympathetic

68
Q

Bronchodilation

A

lowered resistance, sympathetic

69
Q

Totalpv

A

ventilation rate x Tidal Volume (mL/min)

70
Q

Alveolarv

A

ventilation rate v (Tidal Volume - Dead Volume) (mL/min)

71
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

Increased resistance, COPD, apnea, asthma (constriction)

72
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

decreased compliance, fibrosis “thickening”

Physiology (21 decks)

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