Chapter 5 Review Qs

Question 1

List the four functions of membrane proteins, and give an example
of each

Answer 1

structural, transporter, receptors, enzymes

Question 2

Distinguish between active transport and passive transport.

Answer 2

active - requires energy, passive - uses energy from a gradient

Question 3

Which of the following processes are examples of active transport, and which are examples of passive transport?
Simplediffusion, phagocytosis, facilitated diffusion, exocytosis,
osmosis, endocytosis.

Answer 3

Active - phagocytosis, exocytosis, endocytosis

Question 4

List four factors that increase the rate of diffusion in air.

Answer 4

concentration, distance, temperature, molecular size

Question 5

Name the two main compartments of fluid in the human body.
What fraction of total body volume does each account for?

Answer 5

IF - 2/3
EF - 1/3

Question 6

A cotransporter is a protein that moves more than one molecule
at a time. If the molecules are moved in the same direction, the
transporters are called __________ carriers; if the molecules are
transported in opposite directions, the transporters are called
__________ carriers. A transport protein that moves only one sub-strate is called a(n) __________ carrier.

Answer 6

syport;antiport;uniport

Question 7

The two types of active transport are __________, which derives
energy directly from ATP, and __________, which couples the
kinetic energy of one molecule moving down its concentration gra-dient to the movement of another molecule against its concentration gradient.

Answer 7

primary; secondary

Question 8

The most general form of transport in the human body is
__________. Not all fluids are able to pass through the cell
membrane because cell membranes are __________ permeable.

Answer 8

bulk flow; selectively

Question 9

The electrical gradient that exists between extracellular and intra-cellular fluid is known as the __________.

Answer 9

membrane potential

Question 10

Which protein forms the water channels in a cell? How is selectivity
of a channel determined?

Answer 10

aquaporins

Question 11

Explain the differences between a chemical gradient, an electrical
gradient, and an electrochemical gradient

Answer 11

chemical = concentration, electrical = charge separation, electrochemical = both