Chapter 15 Flashcards
Flow of Blood
Wevae cavae -> Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventircle -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lung -> Pulmonary Vein -> Left atrium -> Mitral valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules
Inner Endothelium
secretes paracrine factors, regulates BP, vessel growth, absorption
Vascular Smooth Muscle
circular, spiral layers, vasoconstriction, vasodilation
Blood Vessel Components
smooth muscle, elastic, fibrous connective tissue, endothelium
Artery
endothelium, elastic, smooth, fibrous
Arteriole
endothelium, smooth
Capillary
endothelium
Venule
endothelium, fibrous
Vein
endothelium, elastic, smooth, fibrous
Arteries
pressure reservoir
Arterioles
variable resistance, microcirculation, less elastic, more muscular
Metarterioles
branches of arterioles, precapillary sphincters open and close to direct blood flow to capillaries or venous circulation (aka arteriovenous bypass)
Pericytes
contractile cells associated with capillaries secrete paracrine factors that promote growth, constrict, and relax (aka precapillary sphincter)
Venules
thin exchange epithelium, little connective tissue
Veins
volume reservoir, one way valves, more numerous than arteries, lie closer to the body surface, less elastic tissue
Angiogenesis
development of new blood vessels
Cytokines
angiogenic/antiangiogenic, VE growth factor, fibroblast growth factor
Pulse pressure
Systolic - Diastolic
Venous Return Aids
valves, skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump
MAP
DP + 1/3 (SP - DP)
Three Factors Affecting Resistance
Radius, Length, Viscosity
MAP is determined by…
Blood Volume, Pump Effectiveness (HR/SV), Resistance, Diameter
