Chapter 17

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

Mouth, pharynx, larynx

Question 2

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

trachea, 2 primary bronchi, branches, lungs

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

site of gas exchange

Question 4

Pleural Sacs

Answer 4

surround each lung

Question 5

Pleural Fluid

Answer 5

Lowers friction between membranes, golds lungs tight against the thoracic wall

Question 6

Lung Anatomy

Answer 6

Apex (top), superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe, cardiac notch, base

Question 7

Muscles of Inspiration

Answer 7

External Intercostals, Diaphragm

Question 8

Muscles of Expiration

Answer 8

Internal Intercostals, Abdominal Muscles

Question 9

Type I alveolar cell

Answer 9

gas exchange

Question 10

Type II alveolar cell

Answer 10

surfactant cell, synthesizes surfactant

Question 11

Conducting System

Answer 11

trachea, primary bronchi, smaller bronchi, bronchioles

Question 12

Exchange Surface

Answer 12

Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

Question 13

Larynx

Answer 13

contains vocal cords

Question 14

Airways

Answer 14

warm air to body temperature, humidify by adding water vapor, filter inspired air

Question 15

Connective tissue

Answer 15

elastin/collagen

Question 16

Goblet cell

Answer 16

secretes mucus

Question 17

Mucus layer

Answer 17

traps inhaled particles

Question 18

CFTR

Answer 18

allow Cl- to enter the lumen (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator channel)

Question 19

NKCC

Answer 19

brings Cl- into epithelial cell from ECF

Question 20

Dalton’s law

Answer 20

total pressure equals sum of all partial pressures (Pgas)

Question 21

Boyle’s law

Answer 21

pressure-volume relationships (P1V1=P2V2), inverse relationship between pressure and volume

Question 22

Ideal Gas Equation in the Body

Answer 22

V = 1/P

Question 23

Tidal Volume

Answer 23

volume that moves during a respiratory cycle

Question 24

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 24

additional volume above tidal volume

Question 25

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 25

Forcefully exhaled after the end of a normal expiration

Question 26

Residual Volume

Answer 26

volume of air in the respiratory system after maximal exhalation

Question 27

Vital Capacity

Answer 27

IRV + ERV + Vt

Question 28

TLC

Answer 28

IRV + ERV + Vt + RV

Question 29

The Spirometer

Answer 29

When the subject inhales, air moves into the lungs, the volume of the bell decreases, and the pen rises on the tracing

Question 30

Surfactants

Answer 30

disrupts cohesive force of water, mixture containing proteins and phospholipids, more concentrated in smaller alveoli

Question 31

Premature Babies

Answer 31

inadequate surfactant concentrations, NRDS

Question 32

Law of LaPLace

Answer 32

P = 2T/r

Question 33

Hyperpnea

Answer 33

increased respiratory rate and or volume in response to increased metabolism

Question 34

Hyperventilation

Answer 34

increased respiratory rate and or volume without increased metabolism

Question 35

Hypoventilation

Answer 35

decreased alveolar ventilation, asthma

Question 36

Tachypnea

Answer 36

rapid breathing, usually increased respiratory rate with decreased depth, panting

Question 37

Dyspnea

Answer 37

difficulty breathing

Question 38

Apnea

Answer 38

cessation of breathing

Question 39

Obstructive Lung Disease

Answer 39

increase airway resistance, asthma, COPD

Question 40

Restrictive Lung Disease

Answer 40

reduced long compliance, pulmonary fibrosis