Chapter 1 Flashcards
Physiology
Study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts
Integumentary
Skin
Musculoskeletal
Support and body movement
Respiratory
exchanges gases
Digestive
takes up nutrients and removes wastes
Urinary
removes water and waste material
Reproductive
produces eggs and sperm
Circulatory
distributes materials by pumping blood through vessels
Nervous
coordinates body functions
Endocrine
coordinates body functions
Immune
protects from foreign substances
Teleological Approach
Functions explains the why
Mechanistic Approach
Process or mechanism describes the how
Homeostasis
maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment, regulated within a range of values
ECF
extracellular fluid, the watery internal environment that surrounds the cells, buffer zone between outside world and ICF, kept relatively stable
ICF
Intracellular fluid
Law of mass balance
load remains constant if any gain is offset by an equal loss
Plasma
fluid component of blood
Dynamic steady state
materials are constantly moving between two compartments, but no net movement between the compartments
Equilibrium
implies composition of compartments are identical, not the same as steady state
ECF Na+/Cl-/K+
Higher Na+, Higher Cl-, Lower K+
ICF Na+/Cl-/K+
Lower Na+, Lower Cl-, Higher K+
Setpoint
Optimum value, regulated variables are kept within normal range by control mechanisms
Control Systems
input signal -> integrating center-> output signal -> response
Reflex Control
uses long-distance signaling, response loop, uses nervous and/or endocrine systems
Feedback Loop
Modulate the response loop
Negative Feedback
Homeostatic, stabilize variable
Positive Feedback
Not homeostatic, reinforce
