Exam 3 - Neuro Flashcards
CNS consist of which 2 things?
brain
spinal cord
peripheral nervous system consist of…
12 cranial nerves
31 spinal nerves
4 lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
what controls each lobe?
cerebrum
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
voluntary movement
speech
emotions
intellectual activites
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
sensation
what is the occipital lobe responsible for?
vision
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
hearing
where is Wernicke’s area located?
temporal lobe
what is the Wernicke’s area responsible for?
language comprehension
where is the Broco’s area?
frontal lobe
what is the Broco’s area responsible for?
motor speech
what is Wernicke aphasia
inability to grasp meaning of spoken word or sentences
*L brain is damaged, altered
what is Brocas aphasia
inability to understand speech or produce fluent, coherent speech
*damage to Brocas area on L side
function of the cerebellum
muscle coordination
equilibrium
smooth movements
muscle tone
the only cranial nerve to serve a muscle and body region below the neck
vagus nerve
what makes up the 31 spinal nerves
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 coccygeal
which direction does a nurse test
distal to proximal
mini mental state exam (MME)
set of 30 questions
after a head injury, sudden episode of illness such as infection
addenbrookes test screens for what?
Alzheimer
fronto-temporal dementia
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) criteria (4)
acute onset
inattention counting backwards from 20-1
disorganized thinking
altered LOC
when is CAM considered positive
2 +
CN I
Olfactory
Sense of smell
loss of smell
anosmia
CN II
Optic
Vision acuity
CN III
Oculomotor
eye movement; pupillary constriction; upper eyelid movement
CN IV
Trochlear
Down, in eye movement
CN V
Trigeminal
chewing, corneal reflex, face and scalp sensation
CN VI
Abducens
lateral eye movement
CN VII
Facial
expressions in forehead, eyes, mouths; taste, salivation, tearing
CN VIII
Acoustic
hearing, balance
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
swallowing, salivating, taste
CN X
Vagus
gag reflex
CN XI
Spinal accessory
shoulder movement, head rotation
CN XII
Hypoglossal
tongue movement
asterognosis
unable to identify items in hand
graphesthesia
write a number in hand
involuntary and rhythmic muscle contraction caused by permanent lesion in the descending neurons
clonus
0 - deep tendon reflex
no response
1 + - deep tendon reflex
diminished
2+ -deep tendon reflex
normal
3+ - deep tendon reflex
brisk, above normal
4+ - deep tendon reflex
hyperactive
Babinski is normal in which age group
< 2 y/o
Babinski reflex
dull object ran across bottom of foot
big toe doriflex, other toes fan out - abnormal unless 2 or younger
Brudzinski tests for
meningeal
+ Brudzinski
pt lays supine, flex head forward
hips, knees will flex
pt is unable to flex head forward d/t un-natural rigidity of neck muscles
nuchal rigidty
Glasgow coma scale monitors which 3 things?
eye opening response
motor response
verbal response
GSC < 3 indicates what?
comatose state (nonresponsive)
Bells Palsy affects which CN?
VII
how long can it take for Bells Palsy to resolve on its own
hours to weeks
During a stroke the ___ side of the brain is affected from the deficit side
opposite
If you have a pt with a possible head injury from a MVA or and LOC, what do you assess first?
pupillary responses
