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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 3 - Abdomen > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

largest cavity in the body

A

abdomen

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2
Q

abdominal landmarks

A

xiphoid process
umbilicus
pubic bones
**specified in PPT

costal margin
iliac crests

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3
Q

how may abdominal quadrants are there?

A

4

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4
Q

anatomic structures located midline?

A

aorta
bladder
uterus

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5
Q

what does the RUQ contain?

A 
liver
gallbladder
pyloric sphincter
duodenum
pancreas (head)
R kidney + R adrenal gland
ascending, transverse colon
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6
Q

What does the RLQ contain?

A 
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
R ovary, uterine tube
R ureter
R spermatic cord
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7
Q

what does the LUQ contain?

A 
L lobe of liver
spleen
stomach
pancreas (body)
L kidney + L adrenal gland
splenic flexure of colon
transverse, descending colon
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8
Q

what does the LLQ contain?

A 
sigmoid colon
descending colon
L ovary + uterine tube
L ureter
L spermatic cord
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9
Q

where do you palpate if you suspect your pt has bladder distention?

A

suprapubic

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10
Q

what is the area superior to the umbilicus?

A

epigastric

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11
Q

what is the area inferior to the umbilicus?

A

suprapubic

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12
Q

where is referred gallbladder pain felt?

A

scapular region

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13
Q

what is included in a function assessment?

A

diet
eating alone
bottle feeding
introduction of solid food

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14
Q

labs re: stomach

A

H. Pylori

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15
Q

labs re: liver

A 
ALT, AST, ALP
LDH
hepatic antigens
bilirubin
ammonia
albumin
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16
Q

labs re: pancreas

A

amylase
lipase
glucose
calcium

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17
Q

pt positioning for abdominal exam

A

supine
head on pillow
knees bent
arms at side or across chest

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18
Q

horizontal line from the costal margin to suprapubic is straight

A

flat abdomen

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19
Q

horizontal line from the costal margin to suprapubic is curved outward

A

round, convex

*normal finding in toddler, pregnancy

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20
Q

horizontal line from costal margin to suprapubic is greater curved outward; stretched appearance

A

protuberant

*anticipated in pregnancy; can be seen with obesity, ascites

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21
Q

horizontal line from costal margin to suprapubic is curves inward, sunken appearance

A

scaphoid, concave

22
Q

weakness in the abdominal wall/muscle that bowel protrudes through

A

hernia

23
Q

types of hernias

A

ventral
umbilical
inguinal

24
Q

who may you seen pulsations in?

A

thin individuals

25
Q

which quadrant do you start in when listening to abdominal sounds?

A

RLQ

26
Q

how long to auscultate for absent bowel sounds?

A

5 minutes

27
Q

very hyperactive bowel sounds are called

A

borborygymus

28
Q

borborygmus is indicative of

A

bowel obstruction

ileus

29
Q

how to test for pyelonephritis

A

percuss CVA

30
Q

when do you palpate a tender area?

A

last

31
Q

if pt has possible appendicitis, aortic aneurysm, or recent organ transplant, or polycysistic kidneys, would you palpate the abdomen?

A

No.

32
Q

how far to press for light palpation

A

1 cm

33
Q

how far to press for deep plapation

A

5 cm

may need 2 hands

34
Q

s/sx of pertonitis

A

abdomen rigid, hard, distended, tender
N/VD
fever, chills

35
Q

causes of pertonitis

A

ruptured organ
free air in abdomen
trauma

36
Q

colicky pain

A

sharp, localized GI or renal pain

comes in goes in wavelike spasms; restlessness

37
Q

what can cause a false positive occult blood

A

eating red meat

38
Q

how many more times do you have to perform a guiac test if the first one is positive

A

2

39
Q

what to ask pts before a guiac test?

A

any recent black, tarry stools

40
Q

meds that can cause GI bleeds

A

ASA
arthritis meds/NSAIDS
steriods

41
Q

what can cause GI bleed

A

ulcers
diverticulitis
colon/rectal cancer
hemorrhoids

42
Q

colon, rectal cancer risk factors

A 
smoking
high red meat diet
obesity
diabetes
family hx
43
Q

if you can feel the spleen, what should you do?

A

stop palpating, this is an abnormal finding.

the spleen should not be palpable

44
Q

how to assess for rebound tenderness

A

push down slowly and deeply in an area away from the painful area

release quickly

45
Q

what occurs during abnormal rebound tenderness

A

pain after area is release

46
Q

what is a + rebound tenderness called

A

Blumberg’s sign

47
Q

how to assess for cholecystitis

A

push into RUQ
pt takes a deep breath in

pain felt on inspiration is abnormal

48
Q

test used to assess for cholecystitis

A

Murphy’s sign

49
Q

how to assess for appendicitis

A

pt lies supine, lift R leg
pt keeps leg up
push down on R thigh

abnormal: pain, can not keep leg raised

50
Q

elderly have slower gastric emptying which puts them at risk for

A

aspiration

51
Q

considerations for elderly abdominal assessment

A 
increase fat abdomen, hips
decreased muscle tone
palpate organs easier
c/o less pain
dry mouth
slower esophageal, gastric emptying
decrease absorption of nutrients, vitamins and minerals
increase diverticulosis, gallbladder disease
slow med metabolism
constipation 
anorexia

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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