Exam 2 - Chpt 15 Flashcards
sensory organ that functions in hearing and equilibrium
ear
what are the 3 portions of the ear
external
middle
inner
major functions of the ear
collecting, transporting sound vibrations to the brain and maintaining the sense of equilibrium
what helps move cerumen out of the canal
chewing, talking
what may become infected in adults after an ear infection?
mastoid process
what separates the external and middle ear
tympanic membrane aka eardrum
what connects the middle ear with the nasopharyn
eustachian tube
conducts sound vibrations from the external ear to the inner ear
middle ear
spiraling chamber that contains the receptors for hearing
cochlea
4 sinuses
sphenoid
frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
functions of the nose and sinuses
provide airway for respiration
filter, warm, humidify air
resonance of the voice
housing receptors for olfactory
how many adult teeth
32
how many deciduous (baby) teeth
20
papillae are aka
tastebuds
responsible for saliva production
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
where does saliva enter the mouth from the parotid gland
Stensen’s duct located in the buccal mucosa
where does saliva enter the mouth from the submandibular gland
Wharton’s duct
cerumen is secreted by which gland
apocrine and sebaceous
cerumen characteristics
white, grey yellow, orange-brown dark brown flaky, crumbly wet, sticky hard
dry cerumen is common in which race
East Asians
mixed dry, wet cerumen is common in which races
Native North American
Pacific Islander
Central Asian
brain is capable of simultaneously integrating information that is received from both ears
binaural hearing
children begin loosing their teeth by __ and have lost their last one by age __
6; 12-13
subjective data r/t ear
earache (OLDCART, ICE) infection (frequency) discharge hearing loss (onset) environmental noise tinnitus (persistant; meds?) vertigo pt-centered care --how to you clean your ears; last hearing test; hearing aids.
do you irrigate an ear with hx of or examination suggests perforation or infection?
No
what is typically used to dislodge cerumen
mineral oil, H2O2
irrigate with warm H2O, bulb syringe, or WaterPik; direct fluid to posterior wall
objective data r/t ear
inspect palpate inspect auditory canal examine tympanic membrane Whisper test Rhinne, Weber, Romberg test
small, painless nodule at the top of the helix
congenital, not signifiant
Darwin’s tubule
Large or small speculum for examining the ear canal?
largest that will fit comfortably
what to do with the speculum after each ear, especially if there is discharge
clean it
color of tympanic membrane
translucent, pearl-gray
how far to stand behind the pt when doing a whisper test?
30-60 cm / 1-2 ft
what is used for the weber and rinne test?
tuning fork
tuning fork location for weber test
bridge of FA, nose, or teeth
tuning fork location for rinne test
base, beside the ear
normal finding for weber test
sound heard equally in both ears
normal finding for rinne test
AC > BC
proprioception
otherwise known as kinesthesia, is your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location
abnormal findings: external near
frostbite
brachial remnant, ear deformity
otitis externa (Swimmer’s ear)
cellulitis
abnormal lumps, lesions on external ear
sebaceous cyst tophi chodrodematitis carcinoma battle sign
where are sebaceous cyst commonly located r/t ear
postauricular fold
tophi
small, hard, yellow, nontender nodules - greasy, chalky material of uric acid crystals
battle sign
trauma to side of head may lead to basilar skull fracture
–glucose strip to test for CSF
most common place for carcinoma r/t ear
superior rim of pinna d/t most sun exposure
abnormal findings r/t ear cancal
excessive cerumen otitis externa osteoma (benign; removable) exostosis furuncle polpy
exostosis is commonly seen in these individuals
cold water swimmers
found near eardrum; multiple, bilateral; no treatment
furuncle locations r/t ear
tragus or cartilage of ear canal
painful, red; will often have regional lymphadenopathy
abnormal findings r/t tympanic membrane
retracted drum
otitis media with effusion (OME)
OME s/sx
fullness
transient hearing loss
popping with swallowing
d/t serous fluid in middler ear; blocked eustachian tube
only externally visible organ of the respiratory system
nose
the nose house with receptors
olfactory
visible portion of the tooth
enamel-covered crown
this CN assist with speech, swallowing
CN XII; hypoglossal
throat is aka
pharynx
subjective data r/t nose
discharge frequency: colds, respiratory infections sinus pain trauma epistaxis allergies altered smell
subjective data r/t mouth, throat
sores, lesions sore throat bleeding gums toothache hoarseness dysphagia altered taste tobacco, alcohol use pt-centered care -dental care pattern -dentures, appliances
African American lip color
bluish, dark line on gingival margin
lip abnormalities
cleft lip herpes simplex angular chelitis carcinoma cyst
causes of cleft lip
family hx
maternal use of dilantin, alcohol, certain drugs
angular chelitis
erythema, scaling, shallow pain fissures at the corner of the mouth
tooth avulsion
traumatic injury
what to do with a adult tooth if it has fallen out
put in milk so it can be implanted
if the tooth is dry for > 15 minutes, increase necrosis
ventral surface of the tongue characteritistics
smooth
glistening
shows veins
where are oral malignancies most commonly found
U-shape under tongue
if lesions are present for any person > 50 with a hx of alcohol, tobacco use, you should
done gloves, palpate lesion
ankyloglossia
aka tongue tie
short frenulum limits the mobility and affects speech
tonsil grade 1+
visible
tonsil grade 2+
halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
tonsil grade 3+
touching uvula
tonsil grade 4+
touching each other
majority of Native American have what kind of uvula
fish tail
leukoplakia can be caused by…
dipping, chewing
HIV
do you reposition the ear while otoscope is in place
No
most common place for epitaxis
Kiesselbach plexus in the anterior septum
geographic tongue (migratory glossitis)
unknown cause
normal, mixed coating
smooth, glossy tongue (atrophic glossitis)
slick, shiny surface
mucosa thin
cause of black, hairy tongue
fungus after infection, abx use or heavy smoking
