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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 2 - Chpt 16 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chpt 16 Flashcards

1
Q

primary organs of the respiratory system

A

lungs

thorax

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2
Q

fundamental responsibility of the lungs and thorax

A

gas exchange

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3
Q

thorax, thoracic cavity is aka

A

the chest

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4
Q

3 sections of the thoracic cavity

A

mediastinum

R, L pleural cavity

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5
Q

what does the mediastinum contain?

A

heart
trachea
esophagus
major blood vessels

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6
Q

what does each pleural cavity contain?

A

a lung

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7
Q

major function of the respiratory system

A

supply body with O2

expel CO2

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8
Q

what occurs during external respiration

A

exchange of O2, CO2 at alveoli level

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9
Q

what occurs during internal respiration

A

exchange of O2, CO2 at cellular level

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10
Q

what is included in the upper respiratory tract

A 
nose
mouth
sinuses
pharynx
larynx
proximal portion of trachea
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11
Q

what is included in the lower respiratory tract

A 
distal portion of trachea
bronchi
lungs
pleural membranes
muscles of respiration
mediastinum
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12
Q

this helps sweep debris towards the mouth

A

cilia

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13
Q

how many lobes does the L lung have?

A

2 (upper, lower)

longer, narrower

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14
Q

how many lobes does the R lung have

A

3 (upper, middle, lower)

larger, wider, shorter than L lung

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15
Q

thin, double-layered, serous membrane that lines each pleural cavity

A

pleura

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16
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

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17
Q

SOB, difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

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18
Q

which ethnic groups are at higher risk for asthma

A 
Hispanic, Puerto Rican
American Indians
Alaska Natives
non-Hispanic Blacks
Filipinos
non-Hispanic Whites
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19
Q

ethnic groups with the lowest prevalence of asthma

A

Asian Americans

Asian Pacific Islanders

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20
Q

ethnic groups with high rates of COPD

A

non-Hispanic Whites

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21
Q

ratio of length of inspiration and expiration

A

1:2

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22
Q

anteroposterior chest ration

A

2:1

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23
Q

funnel chest (pectus excavatum)

A

depression of sternum and adjacent costal cartilage

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24
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature, rotation of thoracic and lumbar spine

deviation >45 may distort the lungs

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25
Q

pigeon chest (pectus carinatum)

A

congenital deformity characterized by forward displacement of sternum

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26
Q

palpable vibration on the chest wall when a pt speaks

A

fremitus

repeats “99”

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27
Q

4 normal breath sounds heard during auscultation

A

tracheal
bronchial
bronchovesicular
vesicular

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28
Q

tracheal breath sounds

A

harsh, high-pitched

heard over treachea

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29
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

loud, high-pitched

heard next to trachea
superior to clavicles
1st intercostal space

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30
Q

bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

medium loudness and pitch

2, 3 intercostal spaces between scapulae

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31
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

soft, low pitched

remainder of lungs

32
Q

adventitious sounds

A

abnormal breath sounds

33
Q

fine rales/crackles

A

high pitched
short
crackling

collapsed or fluid filled alveoli open

34
Q

coarse rales/crackles

A

loud
moist
low pitched
bubbling

collapsed or fluid filled alveoli open

35
Q

wheezes (sibilant)

A

high pitched
continuous

blocked airway; asthma, infection, foreign body

36
Q

rhonchi (sonorous)

A

low pitched
continuous
snoring
rattling

fluid blocked airway

37
Q

stridor

A

loud
high-pitched
crowing heard without stethoscope

obstructed upper airway

38
Q

friction rub

A

low pitched
grading
rubbing

pleural inflammation

39
Q

bronchophony

A

auscultation of voice sounds

says “99”, normal lung sounds will be muffled

40
Q

egophony

A

auscultation of voice sounds

says “E”; normal like sounds will sound like “eeeee”

41
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

auscultation of voice sounds

whispers “1, 2, 3”; normal sounds will be faint

42
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of or impaired inflation of 1 or more parts of the lung (alveoli)

43
Q

lobar PNA

A

fluid, bacteria, and celluar debri fill alveoli

44
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid accumulation in pleural space

45
Q

pneumonothorax

A

air moves into the pleural space and causes partial or complete collapse of the lung

can be spontaneous, traumatic, or tension

46
Q

where do you auscultation the upper apex of the lungs

A

clavicular level

47
Q

function of visceral pleura

A

covers lungs

48
Q

function of parietal pleura

A

lines ribcage

covers upper surface of diaphragm

49
Q

function of pleural cavity

A

space between 2 pleura

contains small amount of fluid

50
Q

coal miners are susceptible to ___, a form of black lung disease

A

pneumoconiosis

51
Q

hazards for respiratory

A 
caustic fumes
fungi
asbestos
coal tar
nickel
silver
textile fibers
chromate
vinyl chlorides
52
Q

2nd most dx cancer

A

lunger

smoking is the cause for 90%

53
Q

most common chronic childhood disease

A

asthma

highest burden seen in those living at or below federal poverty level

54
Q

subjective data r/t respiratory

A 
cough
SOB
chest pain with breathing
hx of respiratory infection
smoking status
environmental factors
55
Q

smoking counseling - what are the 5 A’s

A 
ask
advise
assess
assist
arrange
56
Q

polycythemia

A

excess RBC production

57
Q

polycythemia is seen in these pts

A

COPD

CHF

58
Q

barrel chest ratio

A

1:1

d/t hyperinflation of lungs

59
Q

cause of kyphosis

A

loss of lung resiliency and skeletal muscle

60
Q

obesity can impede (make absent) ___

A

fremitus

61
Q

which part of your hand to use use to test for fremitus

A

all or ulnar edge of 1 hand

as you move, it should be equal

62
Q

unequal fremitus is a result of

A

consolidation

63
Q

decrease fremitus may indicate

A 
bronchial obstruction
air trapping (emphysema)
pleural effusion
pneumonothorax
obstruction of tracheobronchial tree
64
Q

where to place your hands to assess chest expansion

A

posterior, thumbs at T9-T10; pinch skin between thumbs

thumbs should move 5-10 cm apart

65
Q

cause of unequal chest expansion

A

severe atelectasis
PNA
chest trauma
pneumothorax

66
Q

what do you tell the pt to do if you hear adventitious breath sounds?

A

cough, reassess

67
Q

tachypnea RR

hyperventilation

A

> 24

68
Q

cheyne-stokes

A

unusual, deep breathing pattern that last 30-45 seconds with periods of apnea

may last 20 seconds with cycling

69
Q

bradypnea RR

hypoventilation

A

< 10

70
Q

Biot’s/Ataxic respirations

A

shallow, deep with periods of apnea
irregular

–respiratory depression, brain damage

71
Q

breath sounds heard with atelectasis

A

decreased, absent over the affected area

72
Q

how is chronic bronchitis Dx

A

productive cough for at least 3 months/year x2 consecutive years

73
Q

when are voice sounds (fremitus) louder over an affected area?

A

lobar PNA

74
Q

asking a pt how many pillows they sleep on can determine what?

A

orthopnea

75
Q

imaging studies for respiratory

A

CXR
CT
Echo

76
Q

what to ask female pts when due for imaging study?

A

date of LMP

pregnancy

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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