Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal Flashcards
joint is aka as
articulation
point where 2 or more bones meet
joint
what are the 4 joint classes
fibrous
cartilaginous
nonsynovial
synovial
immovable or slightly movable joints
nonsynovial
freely moveable; bone are separated, enclosed in a cavity filled with synovial fluid
synovial joint
tough fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone or muscle to muscle
tendons
types of synovial joints (6)
pivot hinge saddle plane condyloid ball-and-socket
musculoskeletal order of examination
inspect
palpate
ROM
strength testing
if suspected rotator cuff injury, how far should a pt lift their arm
only until they begin to feel pain
trying to see how far they can move it
muscle strength testing grading scale
0-5
muscle strength test - 0
no muscle contraction
muscle strength test - 1
slight muscle contraction
muscle strength test - 2
full ROM, passive
muscle strength test - 3
full ROM with gravity
muscle strength test - 4
full ROM against gravity; some resistance
muscle strength test - 5
full ROM against gravity; full resistance
pointing the toes towards the nose
dorsiflexion
lean head side to side
lateral flexion
squeezing the shoulder blades together
scapular retration
should elevation
should shrug
how to test TMJ
protraction, retraction
side to side movement
if a pt has a torn rotator cuff, will they be able to perform abduction of the shoulder
No
how to assess elbow ROM
flex at 90 degrees
rotate arm internally (pronate) and externally (supinate)
which tests are used to evaluate for carpel tunnel?
Phalen’s
Tinel’s
how to perform Phalen’s test
hold hands bak to back while flexing wrist 90 degrees
hold for 60 seconds
abnormal Phalen’s test
tingling, parathesia to thumb/index/ring fingers
carpel tunnel affects which nerve
median nerve in wrist
how to perform TInel’s test
palm side up
tap on wrist
abnormal TInel’s test
tingling, paresthesia to thumb/index/ring finger
pt positioning for hip ROM
supine
how to assess hip flexion
knee to chest
how to assess hip internal rotation
flex knees to 90 degrees
bring heel out as far as possible
how to assess hip external rotation
flex knees 90 degrees
bring heel in as far as possible
pt positioning for assess hip extension
prone
how to assess for hip extension
lift leg upward
prone positioning
what does a Bulge sign indicate
presence of fluid in the knee
how to assess Bulge sign
place on hand superior to patella, push tissue inferiorly
other hand presses medial aspect
looking for a fluid wave
test used on the knee when larger amounts of fluid is present
knee effusion
Ballottement
test used fro meniscal tears
McMurray
how to perform McMurray test
flex knee
rotate knee medically a few times
(+) locking, pain, crepitus
how many vertebrae are there?
26
what sections make up the vertebrae?
cervical (C 1-7) thoracic (T 1-12) lumbar (L 1-5) sacrum coccyx
where does the spinal cord stop?
around L5
what landmark is used when inspecting the posterior spine?
iliac crest
which test is used to eval for herniated disk
Lasegue’s test
how to perform Lasegue’s test
pt supine
raise one leg at a time
dorsiflex foot
(+) low back pack
leg measurement should be within __ cm of each other
1 cm
when can a cervical collar be removed?
after the neck as been evaluated and no cervical fracture is seen
must be cleared by physician
what is Dupuytren’s contracture
inability to move 4th and 5th fingers
severe flexion; no pain during palpation
highest incidence of osteoporosis
caucasians
lowest incidence of osteoporosis
African Americans
when to begin scoliosis screening
10-12 y/o
common cause of kyphosis
poor posture
defective closure of the vertebral body
spina bifida
dimple over a tuft of hair along the spinal column is seen with
spina bifida
spina bifida is commonly seen where
lumbosacral area
it is normal to see a decrease of ___ inches of height from age 60 +
0.5 inches
disease of cartilage caused by continued wear and tear on joints
osteoarthritis
osteoarthritis risk factors
increasing age female sports, previous injuries occupation, physical jobs obesity repetitive strain on joints
RA is which type of disorder
autoimmune
what occurs with RA
antibodies produced attack the healthy joint tissue
RA risk factors
genetics smoking bacteria, viruses environmental hormonal female
when is RA commonly seen
3rd-5th decade of life, and again in the 6th decade
RA deformities
Swan-Neck
Boutonniere
