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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

joint is aka as

A

articulation

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2
Q

point where 2 or more bones meet

A

joint

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3
Q

what are the 4 joint classes

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
nonsynovial
synovial

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4
Q

immovable or slightly movable joints

A

nonsynovial

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5
Q

freely moveable; bone are separated, enclosed in a cavity filled with synovial fluid

A

synovial joint

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6
Q

tough fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone or muscle to muscle

A

tendons

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7
Q

types of synovial joints (6)

A 
pivot
hinge
saddle
plane
condyloid
ball-and-socket
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8
Q

musculoskeletal order of examination

A

inspect
palpate
ROM
strength testing

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9
Q

if suspected rotator cuff injury, how far should a pt lift their arm

A

only until they begin to feel pain

trying to see how far they can move it

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10
Q

muscle strength testing grading scale

A

0-5

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11
Q

muscle strength test - 0

A

no muscle contraction

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12
Q

muscle strength test - 1

A

slight muscle contraction

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13
Q

muscle strength test - 2

A

full ROM, passive

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14
Q

muscle strength test - 3

A

full ROM with gravity

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15
Q

muscle strength test - 4

A

full ROM against gravity; some resistance

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16
Q

muscle strength test - 5

A

full ROM against gravity; full resistance

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17
Q

pointing the toes towards the nose

A

dorsiflexion

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18
Q

lean head side to side

A

lateral flexion

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19
Q

squeezing the shoulder blades together

A

scapular retration

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20
Q

should elevation

A

should shrug

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21
Q

how to test TMJ

A

protraction, retraction

side to side movement

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22
Q

if a pt has a torn rotator cuff, will they be able to perform abduction of the shoulder

A

No

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23
Q

how to assess elbow ROM

A

flex at 90 degrees

rotate arm internally (pronate) and externally (supinate)

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24
Q

which tests are used to evaluate for carpel tunnel?

A

Phalen’s

Tinel’s

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25
Q

how to perform Phalen’s test

A

hold hands bak to back while flexing wrist 90 degrees

hold for 60 seconds

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26
Q

abnormal Phalen’s test

A

tingling, parathesia to thumb/index/ring fingers

27
Q

carpel tunnel affects which nerve

A

median nerve in wrist

28
Q

how to perform TInel’s test

A

palm side up

tap on wrist

29
Q

abnormal TInel’s test

A

tingling, paresthesia to thumb/index/ring finger

30
Q

pt positioning for hip ROM

A

supine

31
Q

how to assess hip flexion

A

knee to chest

32
Q

how to assess hip internal rotation

A

flex knees to 90 degrees

bring heel out as far as possible

33
Q

how to assess hip external rotation

A

flex knees 90 degrees

bring heel in as far as possible

34
Q

pt positioning for assess hip extension

A

prone

35
Q

how to assess for hip extension

A

lift leg upward

prone positioning

36
Q

what does a Bulge sign indicate

A

presence of fluid in the knee

37
Q

how to assess Bulge sign

A

place on hand superior to patella, push tissue inferiorly

other hand presses medial aspect

looking for a fluid wave

38
Q

test used on the knee when larger amounts of fluid is present

knee effusion

A

Ballottement

39
Q

test used fro meniscal tears

A

McMurray

40
Q

how to perform McMurray test

A

flex knee
rotate knee medically a few times

(+) locking, pain, crepitus

41
Q

how many vertebrae are there?

A

26

42
Q

what sections make up the vertebrae?

A 
cervical (C 1-7)
thoracic (T 1-12)
lumbar (L 1-5)
sacrum
coccyx
43
Q

where does the spinal cord stop?

A

around L5

44
Q

what landmark is used when inspecting the posterior spine?

A

iliac crest

45
Q

which test is used to eval for herniated disk

A

Lasegue’s test

46
Q

how to perform Lasegue’s test

A

pt supine
raise one leg at a time
dorsiflex foot

(+) low back pack

47
Q

leg measurement should be within __ cm of each other

A

1 cm

48
Q

when can a cervical collar be removed?

A

after the neck as been evaluated and no cervical fracture is seen

must be cleared by physician

49
Q

what is Dupuytren’s contracture

A

inability to move 4th and 5th fingers

severe flexion; no pain during palpation

50
Q

highest incidence of osteoporosis

A

caucasians

51
Q

lowest incidence of osteoporosis

A

African Americans

52
Q

when to begin scoliosis screening

A

10-12 y/o

53
Q

common cause of kyphosis

A

poor posture

54
Q

defective closure of the vertebral body

A

spina bifida

55
Q

dimple over a tuft of hair along the spinal column is seen with

A

spina bifida

56
Q

spina bifida is commonly seen where

A

lumbosacral area

57
Q

it is normal to see a decrease of ___ inches of height from age 60 +

A

0.5 inches

58
Q

disease of cartilage caused by continued wear and tear on joints

A

osteoarthritis

59
Q

osteoarthritis risk factors

A 
increasing age
female
sports, previous injuries
occupation, physical jobs
obesity
repetitive strain on joints
60
Q

RA is which type of disorder

A

autoimmune

61
Q

what occurs with RA

A

antibodies produced attack the healthy joint tissue

62
Q

RA risk factors

A 
genetics
smoking
bacteria, viruses
environmental
hormonal
female
63
Q

when is RA commonly seen

A

3rd-5th decade of life, and again in the 6th decade

64
Q

RA deformities

A

Swan-Neck

Boutonniere

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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