Exam 2 - Chpt 13 Flashcards
8 cranial bones
ethmoid spenoid frontal parietal temporal occipital
Where are the parotid glands?
over mandible, in front of and below the ear
largest gland
parotid
where are the submandibular glands located?
beneath mandible at angle of jaw
where are the sublingual glands located?
floor of mouth
how many vertebrae does the neck have?
7
C 1 is the …
atlas carries the skull
C 2 axis allows
movement of the head
C 4, 5, 6 allows
greatest mobility
C 7 has the
largest spinous process
primary muscles of the neck
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
form the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
sternocleidomastoid muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?
CN XI
gland part of the endocrine system
thyroid
where is the thyroid gland?
anterior portion of neck
lies of trachea
trachea is aka the
windpipe
role of lymph nodes
to drain
lymph nodes location
pre, post auricular occipital submental submandibular retropharyngeal/tonsillar anterior, superficial cervical posterior, deep cervical supraclavicular
stressors can result in
HA neck pain mouth ulcers TMJ tics (involuntary muscle movement) hair twisting, pulling lip biting excessive blinking
subjective health hx - lymphatics
neck pain lumps, swelling HA head injury dizziness Hx of head, neck surgery
when a pt has hyperthyroidism, is the gland palpated?
no - can release additional hormones
which lymph node should you begin with when palpating?
preauricular
documentation must include…
location color texture size tenderness other descriptors as necessary
increased cortisol levels
Cushing syndrome
s/sx of Cushing syndrome
round, moonlike face
red cheeks
Hirsutism
Striae
Bell’s palsy effects which CN?
CN VII
sudden, temporary
FAST
facial drooping
arm weakness
speech difficulty
time - call 911
Parkinson’s causes which facial expression?
masked
3 types of HA
migraine
cluster HA
tension HA
migraine without aura s/sx
HA
N/V
photophobia
phonophobia
untreated or unsuccessfully tx’d migraines can last how long?
4-72 hours
25% of people with migraines experience these s/sx
aura, prodrome flashing lights tingling numbness change in mood
episodes that occur over a period of days or even months followed by remission
usually occurs in males
cluster HA
cluster HA causes
alcohol
stress
emotional distress
when do cluster HA usually begin?
suddenly, at night with pain to one side of the face, spreading upward behind one eye
eye water, nasal congestion is common
how long do cluster HA last?
few minutes to hours
how to tx cluster HA?
antihistamine
tylenol
ibuprofen
tension HA is aka
muscle contraction HA
what causes tension HA
sustained contraction of the muscles in the head, neck, or upper back
are tension HA sudden?
no, they’re gradually
pain is steady, not throbbing
Grave’s disease physical appearance
Goiter
eyelid retraction
exophthalmos
–hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism physical appearance
puffy edematous face
periorbital edema
coarse facial features
coarse hair and eyebrows
what connects the cranial bones together?
sutures (nonmoveable joints)
when is the solidification process of sutures complete?
by the age of 2
how many bones form the anterior region of the skull aka the face
14
landmark for assessing structures of the neck, especially the trachea and thyroid gland
hyoid
external jugular vein location
superficial, lateral to the sternocleidomastoid
internal jugular vein location
larger, no visible; at the sternal notch
purpose of lymphnodes
defend against invasion of foreign substances by producing lymphocytes and antibodies
when are lymphnodes palpable?
infected or enlarged
Muslim pt considerations
direct segregation
ask permission before touch, especially before removing a head covering
which type of foods are potential HA triggers?
tyramine-rich foods
example of tyramine-rich foods
aged cheese (Swiss, mozzarella, cheddar, blue cheese) avocados beer on tap canned soup cured meats homemade yeast breast nuts olives onions raisins red wine sauerkraut soy sauce
tension HA causes
stress overwork position dental problems PMS sinus inflammation other health problems
dim light will cause the iris to respond, enlarging the pupil
mydriasis
bright light causes the iris to respond, decreasing pupil size
miosis
where is aqueous humor
anterior chamber
where is vitreous humor
posterior chamber
chart used to test near vision
Rosenbaum
do you perform an eye test with or without glasses/contacts
first, with; then, without
what is considered legally blind?
20/200
vision changes are r/t which CN?
CN III
normal result for near vision testing
14/14
fluttering of the eyeball
nystagimus
how far to stand in front of pt for 6 cardinal fields of gaze test
2 feet
how far to hold the pen light in front of the pt for 6 cardinal fields of gaze test
18”
how far to hold the pen light for corneal light reflex test
12”
cross-eyed is aka
strabismus
inward turning of the eye
esophoria
outward turning of the eye
exophoria
