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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 3 - Cardio + PVD > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Cardio + PVD Flashcards

1
Q

regardless of race or ethnicity, adults in the United States are more likely to die from ___ ___ than any other cause

A

heart disease

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2
Q

area on chest that covers the great and great vessels

A

precordium

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3
Q

T or F. female hearts are smaller and weigh less than male hearts

A

true

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4
Q

where is the apex of the heart?

A

bottom

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5
Q

where is the base of the heart?

A

top

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6
Q

outer layer of the heart

A

epicaridum

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7
Q

thick, innermost layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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8
Q

innermost layer of the heart

A

endocardium

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9
Q

___ means internal organ

A

visceral

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10
Q

cardiac cycle

A 
tri, mitral valves open
protodiastolic filling
presystole
AV valves close (S1)
ventricles contract
Semilunar valves open
Semilunar valves close (S2)
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11
Q

atria contract to push more blood into ventricles

A

presystole

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12
Q

first, rapid filling phase

blood pours into ventricles

A

prodiastolic filling

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13
Q

the heart sits ___ or slanted

A

obliquely

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14
Q

if heart valves are competent, blood flow will be ___

A

unidirectional

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15
Q

where is “lub, dub” and semilunar valves heard best

A

at the base of the heart / precordium

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16
Q

S3, S4 are commonly associated with ___ ___

A

MI

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17
Q

occurs when ventricles reach its elastic limit, rapidly causing blood flow from the atrium to slow

blood flow from the ventricles cause vibrations

A

S3

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18
Q

sounds associated with active atrial contractions that cause late ventricular filling

A

S4

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19
Q

S4 is aka

A

atrial gallop

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20
Q

when is an S4 heard

A

before S1

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21
Q

cause of S4

A

uncontrolled HTN
long standing aortic stenosis
post MI fibrosis
cardiomyopathies

can be heard in well conditioned athletes and children

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22
Q

S3 is aka

A

ventricle gallop

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23
Q

S3 is heard with pt who have ___ ___ ___ or ___

A

CHF

cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

when is S3 heard

A

after S2

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25
Q

S3 is a normal finding in these indiviuduals

A

children
young adults
pregnancy, 3rd trimester

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26
Q

S3 is heard best is which position

A

apex, L lateral position

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27
Q

S4 is heard best in which position

A

apex, bell of stethoscope, L lateral position

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28
Q

S4 sounds like which state

A

Tennessee

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29
Q

S3 sounds like

A

Kentucky

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30
Q

what are the 4 main coronary arteries

A

L main
R
L anterior descending
circumflex

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31
Q

what does an EKG determine

A

electrical activity

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32
Q

cardiac conduction system order

A 
SA node
intra-atrial conducting pathway
AV node
Bundle of His
-R, L bundle branches
purkinjie fibers
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33
Q

electrolytes that impact electrical problems

A

Calcium
Potassium
Sodium

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34
Q

SA node rate

A

60-100 bpm

35
Q

if SA node fails, which picks up?

A

AV node

36
Q

AV node rate

A

60 bpm

37
Q

AV node fails, which picks up?

A

Purkinje fibers

38
Q

Purkinje fiber rate

A

40-60 bpm

39
Q

average time for each cardiac cycle

A

0.8 seconds

40
Q

average HR

A

72 bpm

41
Q

one complete heartbeat which is the contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles

A

cardiac cycle

42
Q

3 periods of ventricular filling

A

filling
systole
isovolumetric relaxation

43
Q

straight horizontal line means the absence of electrical activity and the pt is

A

dead

44
Q

if a pt is in asystole, how many leads must it be confirmed in

A

2

45
Q

this is correlated with a higher incidence of HTN, especially in adult females

A

socioeconomic status

46
Q

stress stimulates which system?

A

sympathetic = increase systemic vascular resistance = increase workload of the heart

47
Q

race with the high risk of HTN and stroke

A

African Americans

48
Q

race with the highest risk factor of obesity and diabetes

A

Hispanics, Latinos

25% less likely to die from cardiovascular disease than Caucasians

49
Q

SBP, DBP changes during pregnancy induced HTN/preelampsia

A

rise in SBP 30 or DBP 15

50
Q

pregnancy resting HR changes

A

increase 10-15 bpm

51
Q

a BP of 150/60 in a normal finding in ___ ___

A

older adults

52
Q

PVC are r/t

A

caffeine

stimulant drugs

53
Q

which drug is known to cause coronary artery spasms

A

cocaine

54
Q

alcohol can lead to ___ and ___ ___

A

cardiomyopathy

afib

55
Q

chest pain that occurs when the heart can’t keep up with the metabolic demands

A

angina

56
Q

illness of inflammation that can damage the heart valves permanently

A

Rheumatic fever

untreated strep

57
Q

medical processes that can cause aniga

A 
DM
PVD
CVA
MI
HTN
high cholesterol
Rheumatic fever
58
Q

inflammation of the costal cartilage causes from coughing

A

costochondritis

59
Q

pt reports they wake up at night or can’t sleep d/t developing dysnea, the nurse should inquire about…

A

heart or lung problems

60
Q

edema r/t cardio is unilateral or bilateral

A

bilateral

worse at night, better with elevation

61
Q

dependent edema is caused by

A

CHF

62
Q

where is S2 loudest

A

aortic (2nd R ICS)

pulmonic (2nd L ICS)

63
Q

S1 is loudest where?

A 
tricupsid 
apical area (5th ICS MCL)
64
Q

S1, S2 are heard equally where?

A

Erb’s point (3rd L ICS)

65
Q

how to compare carotid and apical pulse

A

palpate carotid while auscultating the apical pulse

66
Q

positioning for auscultating heart

A

sitting
lean forward
supine, lateral

67
Q

heart murmur grading is #’s __ to __

A

1-6

68
Q

heart murmur grading 1

A

barely audible

69
Q

heart murmur grading 2

A

faint

70
Q

heart murmur grading 3

A

moderately loud

71
Q

heart murmur grading 4

A

loud, thrill

72
Q

heart murmur grading 5

A

very loud; head of stethoscope off of chest wall

73
Q

heart murmur grading 6

A

loudest

74
Q

s/sx of ventricular septal defect

A

poor weight gain
delay physical, mental development
cyanosis, tachypnea when feeding

**corrected with sx

75
Q

contracting skeletal muscles, especially ___ muscles, help move blood ___ towards the heart

A

calf; distally

76
Q

what must be done before an ABG

A

collateral circulation or Allen Test

77
Q

+ Allen test

A

no blood return within 8 seconds

78
Q

how to perform an Allen test

A

hand held higher than heart

pressure applied to radial, ulnar arteries until distal blood is occluded

79
Q

dorsalis pedis pulse location

A

over the dorsum of foot

lateral to extensor tendon of big toe

80
Q

s/sx of varicose veins

A

ache
burn
heaviness

81
Q

how long does it take for claudication pain to go away

A

2 minutes after rest

82
Q

Is Raynaud a symptom or disease?

A

symptom r/t to underlying cause such as sclerodoma

83
Q

varicose vein risk factors

A 
Irish, German decent
family hx
sedentary lifestyle
obesity
multiple pregnancies

greatest risk:
jobs require standing most of the day: hairdressers, cashier; desk jobs

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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