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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 2 - Chpt 12 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chpt 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

epidermis
dermis
subq layer

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2
Q

epidermis characteristics

A 
tough
made of keratin
contains melanocytes, melanin
thicker on soles, palms
4 week turnover
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3
Q

dermis characteristics

A 
inner supportive layer
made of collagen
resilient, elastic
hair follicles are rooted
contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
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4
Q

subq layer characteristics

A

made of adipose tissue

stores fat, insulates, cushions, allows sin to slide over structures underneath

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5
Q

glands and appendages of the skin

A

hair
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
nails

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6
Q

hair is made of ___

A

keratin

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7
Q

two types of hair

A

vellus

terminal

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8
Q

secrete oily sebum, an oily substance, up the hair shaft, that lubricates and waterproofs the skin

A

sebaceous glands

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9
Q

___ ___ is a component of body temperature control

A

sweat production

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10
Q

these glands open directly to surface of the skin and produce sweat

A

eccrine glands

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11
Q

type of sweat gland that are associated with hair follicles that are in armpits and genitals

secretes milky substance that is consumed by bacteria to create musky human odor

A

apocrine

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12
Q

hard plates of keratin

A

nails

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13
Q

what are you look for during inspection and palpation of nails

A

shape, contour
consistency
color
capillary refill

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14
Q

functions of the skin

A 
protection
barrier to infection, water, electrolyte loss
perception
temp. regulation
self-image/recognition
communication
wound repair
excretion of wastes
produce Vitamin D
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15
Q

subjective findings

A 
CC
Hx of present illness
PMHx
Family Hx
ROS
functional assessment
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16
Q

history of present illness

A 
location
character
severity
timing
setting
aggravating, relieving factors
associated factors
pt perception
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17
Q

PMHx

A 
sx hx
recurring problem?
other skin problems?
food, drug allergies
medications
sunburns
tattoos
birthmarks
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18
Q

ROS - integumentary

A 
change in mole?
excessive moisture, dryness
itching, burning
rash, sores
hair loss
hirsuitism (face hair in women)
change in nails
pain
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19
Q

functional assessment - integumentary

A 
usual self care
protection at work, play
wigs, toupees
care during heat
sun avoidance with lupus
what kind of work?
exposures at work, play
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20
Q

how to prepare pt for integumentary assessment

A

warm environment
privacy
uncover area in question or have pt disrobe

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21
Q

inspection - integumentary

A 
color
moisture
texture
thickness
lesions
bruising
vascularity
swelling
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22
Q

palpation - integumentary

A 
temp: assess with back of hand
moisture
texture
thickness
massess
edema
mobility
turgor
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23
Q

normal skin color may have which color overtones

A

yellow, green

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24
Q

skin texture will ___ with ethnic and racial traits

A

vary

25
Q

thickest skin

A

palms, soles

26
Q

thinnest skin

A

oral mucosa, genitals

27
Q

thin, shiny skin may indicate ___

A

PAD

28
Q

brown skin is indicative of ___

A

PVD

29
Q

where to assess skin turgor

A

clavicle

30
Q

ABCDEF

A 
asymmetry
border irregularities
color variation
diameter >6mm
elevation, enlargement
funny looking
31
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

non-blancable erythema

can form within 2 hours

32
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

partial-thickness skin loss

involves epidermis, possibly dermis

33
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

full-thickness skin loss

muscle, tendon

34
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

full-thickness skin, tissue loss

bone

35
Q

types of vascular skin lesions

A 
ecchymosis: bruising
hemangioma
hematoma
petechiae
port-wine stain
purpura
spider angioma
venous lake
36
Q

infectious skin lesions

A

tinea: yeast
rubeola: measles
rubella: german measles
varicella
herpes simple
herpes zoster/shingles
impetigo

37
Q

allergic/inflammatory skin lesions

A

contact dermatitis
eczema
psoriasis

38
Q

malignant skin lesions

A

BCC
SCC
melanoma
Kaposia’s sarcoma: associated with HIV/AIDS

39
Q

infant skin conitions

A 
mongolian spots
harlequin color change
erythema toxicum
acrocyanosis
physiologic jaundice
milia
store bites
lanugo
port-wine stain, other birthmakrs
40
Q

adolescent skin conditions

A

acne
blackheads
whiteheads

41
Q

pregnant skin conditions

A

striae
linea nigra
chloasma: brown patch on face
vascular spiders

42
Q

older adult skin conditions

A 
senile lentigo: liver spots
dry skin
acrochordons: skin tags
thin skin
decrease turgor
hair: less, brittle, alopecia
nails: rate of growth decreases, brittle, thickness
43
Q

if a person has lots of skin tags, assess for ___

A

diabetes

44
Q

most important environmental risk factor for skin cancer

A

UV radiation from sun

indoor tanning sources

45
Q

self-skin examinations education

A

examine once a month
well lighted room
full length mirror
ask significant other to help

46
Q

functions of the skin

A 
regulate body temp
synthesize vitamin D
stores blood, fat
excrete body waste
protects against heat, UV rays, trauma, and bacteria
perceive touch, pressure, pain
protect against water, electrolyte loss
repair surface
47
Q

major function of the cutaneous glands

A

excrete uric acid, ammonia, Na, K, other metabolic waste
regulate temperature
protect against bacterial growth
soften, lube, waterproof skin and hair
resisting water loss in low-humidity environments

48
Q

fine, short hair that grows over the entire body except for lips, nipples, palms of hands, soles of feet, parts of external genitals

A

vellus hair

49
Q

darker, coarser, longer hair terminal hair is located where?

A 
eyebrows
scalp
axillae
pubic region
legs
face, chest - most men
50
Q

trichotillomania

A

hair twisting, plucking

51
Q

environmental influences of hair, skin, nails

A

sunlight
temperature
working with hands

52
Q

circumscribed, painless thickening of the epidermis

A

callus

53
Q

what causes calluses

A

pressure
weight bearing
friction

54
Q

common callus sights

A

fingers
palms
toes
soles of eet

55
Q

paronychia

A

frequent, prolonged immersion of hands in water

56
Q

where to assess skin changes for those with dark complexion

A 
lips
oral mucosa
sclera
palms of hands
conjunctivae
57
Q

skin cancer risk factors

A 
prolong sun exposure
hx skin cancer
occupation exposure - chemicals, coal, tar
tanning booths
immunosuppression
58
Q

melanoma risk factors

A

family hx
personal hx
moles that are atypical in growth or appearance
> 50 moles

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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