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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 2 - Chpt 17 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chpt 17 Flashcards

1
Q

paired mammary glands located on the anterior chest wall

A

breast

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2
Q

circular pigmented field of wrinkled skin

A

areola

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3
Q

areola is speckled with tiny sebaceous glands known as

A

Montgomery’s glands or Montgomery’s tubercles

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4
Q

breast tissue extends superolaterally into the

A

axilla as the axillary tail

tail of Spence

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5
Q

what are breast composed of

A

glandular tissue
fibrous tissue
adipose tissue

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6
Q

how many lobes of glandular tissue per breast

A

15-20

radiate from the nipple

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7
Q

each glandular tissue lobe contains __ to __ lobules that contain acini cells

A

20-40

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8
Q

glandular tissue that produces milk

A

acini cells

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9
Q

carries milk from each lobe to the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

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10
Q

extend from the connective tissue layer, through the breast, and attach to the fascia underlying the breast

A

Suspensory ligaments aka Cooper’s ligaments

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11
Q

components that affect breasts

A 
age
weight
genetics
general health
menstrual cycle
pregnancy
lactation
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12
Q

this extends from each axilla to the groin

A

mammary ridge aka milk line

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13
Q

what may be present along the milk line

A

supernumerary nipples or breast tissue

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14
Q

2 major muscles of the chest wall

A

pectoralis major

serratus anterior muscles

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15
Q

function of the chest wall muscles

A

support breast and lymphatic tissue

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16
Q

overall contour of breasts is determined by ___ ___

A

suspensory ligaments

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17
Q

yearly mammograms should begin at which age for those at average risk for breast cancer

A

45 y/o

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18
Q

being aware of the appearance and feel of one’s own breasts

A

breast self-awareness

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19
Q

common reason women do not receive recommended breast cancer screenings

A

lack of access to care

ex: no regular healthcare, no insurance, lower socioeconomic status, lack of education

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20
Q

modifiable risk factors for breast cancer

A

alcohol intake (< 1/day)
high fat diet
lack of physical activity
obesity

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21
Q

breast cancer is more often Dx in which race

A

Caucasians, followed by African Americans

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22
Q

although Caucasians have the highest prevalence of breast cancer, which race is more likely to die from breast cancer more commonly seen if < 45 y/

A

African Americans

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23
Q

mastalgia

A

breast pain

often associated with menstrual cycle (cyclic)

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24
Q

precautions used for breast exam

A

standard

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25
Q

lactation not associated with childbearing

A

galactorrhea

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26
Q

breast enlargement in males

A

gynecomastia

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27
Q

position for male breast palpation exam

A

supine

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28
Q

thickening of the normal breast tissue

A

fibrocystic breast disease

29
Q

benign tumor of the glandular tissue of the breast

A

fibroadenoma

30
Q

fibroadenoma is commonly in which ages

A

15-35

31
Q

tiny growths of epithelial cells that project into the lumen of the lactiferous ducts

common cause of nipple discharge in women who are not pregnant or lactating; common in menopausal women

A

intraductal papilloma

32
Q

inflammation of the lactiferous ducts behind the nipple

A

mammary duct ectasia

33
Q

breast are divided into how many quadrants

A

4

tail of spence

34
Q

location of most breast tumors

A

upper, outer quadrant

35
Q

Tanner staging

A

5 stages of breast development

36
Q

the beginning of adult breast development

A

thelarche

37
Q

the only breast structures present at birth

A

lactiferous ducts

38
Q

breast begin to develop at which age?

A

8-13 y/o

39
Q

what are the 5 Tanner stages

A 
preadolescent
breast bud
breast, areola enlarge
secondary mound
mature breast
40
Q

what occurs during preadolescent Tanner staging

A

only papilla is elevated

41
Q

what occurs during breast bud Tanner staging

A

enlargement, widening of areola

mound like elevation of breast papilla

42
Q

what occurs during breast, areola enlarge Tanner staging

A

further enlargement of breast and areola

no separation of contours

43
Q

what occurs during secondary mound Tanner Staging

A

projection of areola and papilla to from secondary mound above level of breast

further enlargement

44
Q

what occurs during mature breast Tanner staging

A

projection of papilla

areola recesses to the mature contour of the breast

45
Q

average time it takes to go from stage 2-5 Tanner staging

A

3 years

46
Q

breast development precedes menarche by an average of how many years

A

2 years

usually around age 12

47
Q

adolescent puberty changes occurs what age?

A

8-9 y/o African Americans

10 y/o in Caucasians

48
Q

breast volume is least in which days of the cycle

A

days 4-7

49
Q

colostrum may be expressed after how many months

A

4

50
Q

African American girls being puberty how much sooner than Caucasian girls?

A

1-1.5 years

51
Q

African American girls begin mensturating how much sooner than Caucasian girls?

A

8.5 months

52
Q

breast enlargement, nodular consistency begins during which month of pregnant

A

2

53
Q

how long is colostrum produced

A

until 1-3 days PP

54
Q

after menopause, how do breast feel and why

A

firm, stringy d/t fibrous and calcificaiton

55
Q

during health hx, it is important to ask if which type of meds have been or are being used

A

hormonal, HRT

56
Q

special maneuvers that help screen for retraction

A

hands above head
hands on hips
hands together

57
Q

what to palpate before the breast

A

axillae

58
Q

methods of breast exam

A

spokes on wheel (nipple, out)
concentric circles (out to periphery; counter clockwise)
vertical strip pattern

59
Q

ends breast exam by doing what to the nipple

A

depressing, squeezing

60
Q

which method of breast exam is recommended to detect breast masses

A

vertical strip

61
Q

examination of women with large or pendulous breast

A

sitting
lean forward
support inferior part of breast with one hand, palpate down with the other

62
Q

when should women perform SBE

A

3-5 days after menses

same day each month for menopausal women

63
Q

SBE teaching for assessing nipple retraction, skin dimpling

A

hold arms above head

64
Q

breast cancer risk factors

A 
female > 50 y/o
personal hx of BC
BRCA 1, 2 genes
1st degree family hx
previous bx showing atypical hyperplasia
previous breast irradiation
menarche < 12
menopause >50
first child after 30; no children
PO birth control
long-term HRT
not breast feeding
2-5 alcohol drinks daily
obesity, high fat diet - esp. after menopause
physical inactivity
65
Q

has smoking been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer?

A

NO

66
Q

males > 50 y/o may have gynecomastia d/t

A

estrogenic meds for prostate cancer

67
Q

is there a direct link between fibrocystic breast disease and breast cancer?

A

NO

68
Q

discharge color with intraductal papilloma

A

thin, watery
possible blood tinge

normal, benign finding

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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