Exam 2 - Chpt 14 Flashcards
part of the body that contains 70% of all sensory receptors in the body
eyes
structures of the external eye
palpebra (eyelid) where conjunctiva meets cornea caruncle medial canthus iris eyelashes eyebrow pupil sclera (covered with conjunctiva) outer canthus palpebral fissure
outer most layer of the eye
sclera
cornea
tough, protective, white covering of the eye
sclera
part of refracting media of eye, bending incoming light rays so they will be focused on the inner retina
cornea
middle layer of the eye
choroid
iris
pupil
lens
inner layer of the eye
retina
optic disc
retinal vessels
macula
the visual receptive layer of eye where light waves change into nerve impulses
retina
what is responsible for central vision?
macula
normal refractive condition of the eye
emmetropia
light rays focus in front of the retina
nearsightedness
myopia
light rays focus behind the retina
farsightedness
hyperopia
condition in which the light is spread over a wide area rather than on a distant object
astigmatism
normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina
pupillary light reflex
*assessing for the bright light to be parrell
adaptation of eye for near vision
accomodation
light waves must ___ to focus correctly on the retina
bend
refractory structures
cornea aqueous humor ant., post. chambers lens vitreous
accessory structures of the eye
eyebrow eyelids palpebra fissure outer, medial canthus meibomian glands eyelashes conjunctiva lacrimal apparatus
**know where the lacrimal gland is located
how many muscles attach eyeball to its orbit and direct eye to points of a person’s interest?
6
factors that can influence vision and eye health
age developmental level race ethnicity occupation socioeconomics social well-being
___ is essential to overall health
vision
special vision considerations for older adults
pupil size decreases
presbyopia
cataracts
visual acuity - esp. night vision
what type of environments to cataracts typically occur?
sunny areas
most common causes of decrease visual functioning in older adults
cataracts
glaucoma
age-related macular degeneration
diabetic retinopathy
___ are the leading cause of blindness worldwide
cataracts
subjective data r/t vision
vision difficulties pain strabismus, diplopia redness, swelling watering, discharge hx of ocular problems glaucoma pt-centered care use of glasses, contacts
most commonly used and accurate eye chart to measure visual acuity
Snellen
what does 20/40 vision mean?
20: what the pt can read it at
40: what most people can read it at
how far to hold a Jager card
14”
what does the confrontation test measure?
peripheral vision
how to perform a confrontation test
position yourself at eye level, pt 2’ away
pt to cover 1 eye, look ahead
cover your eye opposite to pt
direct finger or pen starting from covered eye, pt to say when they view the object
corneal light reflex test is aka
Hirschberg test
what does the Hirschberg test do?
assess parallel alignment of eye axes by shining a light towards the pts eyes
hold the light 12” away
what is an MD looking for when looking through an ocular fundus?
color, shape, margine of optic disc
abnormal finding of the eyelids
blepharitis
BCC
chalazion (noninfectious)
Hordeolum (stye; infectious)
s/sx of Horedolum and Chalazion
edema
redness
pain - more painful with stye
eyelid abnormalities
periorbital edema exophthalmos (protruding eyes) ptosis (drooping upper lid) ectropion (lower lid rolling out) entropion (lower lid rolling in)
abnormal findings, fundus
diabetic retinopathy
HTN retinopathy
age-related macular degeneration
s/sx of retinal detachment
closing curtain
bright light
sudden flash with lots of floaters
**medical emergency
glaucoma is ___ nerve damange
optic
–blurred vision; minimally see in the middle
caused by narrowed blood vessels decreasing the effectiveness of the macula
macular degeneration
–can not see in the middle but can see surroundings
visual impairment increases the likelihood of
depression
age-related macular degeneration occurs among which race more frequently
Caucasians
glaucoma is 5 times more common in which race?
African Americans
potential cause for night blindness
vitamin A deficiency
eye makeup and applicators should be discharged after ___ months
3
inability to accommodate for near vision
presbyopia
presbyopia is common it pts over which age?
45
precautions used with eye assessment
standard
children and non-english speaking pts should use which eye chart?
E chart or chart with figures and images
refers to the total area in which objects can be seen in the periphery while the eye remains focused on a central point
visual field
which CN is the auditory nerve?
CN VIII
beginning of the alimentary canal and digestive system
mouth
2 parts of the oral cavity
vestibule
mouth
vestibule
anterior, smaller
2 regions
-ant: smallest; lips; buccal mucosa; outer surface of gums, teeth, and cheeks
-post: tongue; hard, soft palate; uvula; mandibular, maxillary arch
organ for taste
tongue
the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth by the ___
frenulum
movement of the uvula is r/t proper functioning of which CNs?
CN IX, X
ptergium
benign growth on cornea
pinguecluae
benign growth on cornea d/t UV rays
what can cause subconjunctival hemorrhage
sneezing
will self absorb itself
