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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 2 - Chpt 14 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chpt 14 Flashcards

1
Q

part of the body that contains 70% of all sensory receptors in the body

A

eyes

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2
Q

structures of the external eye

A 
palpebra (eyelid)
where conjunctiva meets cornea
caruncle
medial canthus
iris
eyelashes
eyebrow
pupil
sclera (covered with conjunctiva)
outer canthus
palpebral fissure
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3
Q

outer most layer of the eye

A

sclera

cornea

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4
Q

tough, protective, white covering of the eye

A

sclera

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5
Q

part of refracting media of eye, bending incoming light rays so they will be focused on the inner retina

A

cornea

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6
Q

middle layer of the eye

A

choroid
iris
pupil
lens

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7
Q

inner layer of the eye

A

retina
optic disc
retinal vessels
macula

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8
Q

the visual receptive layer of eye where light waves change into nerve impulses

A

retina

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9
Q

what is responsible for central vision?

A

macula

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10
Q

normal refractive condition of the eye

A

emmetropia

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11
Q

light rays focus in front of the retina

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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12
Q

light rays focus behind the retina

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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13
Q

condition in which the light is spread over a wide area rather than on a distant object

A

astigmatism

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14
Q

normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina

A

pupillary light reflex

*assessing for the bright light to be parrell

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15
Q

adaptation of eye for near vision

A

accomodation

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16
Q

light waves must ___ to focus correctly on the retina

A

bend

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17
Q

refractory structures

A 
cornea
aqueous humor
ant., post. chambers
lens
vitreous
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18
Q

accessory structures of the eye

A 
eyebrow
eyelids
palpebra fissure
outer, medial canthus
meibomian glands
eyelashes
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus

**know where the lacrimal gland is located

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19
Q

how many muscles attach eyeball to its orbit and direct eye to points of a person’s interest?

A

6

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20
Q

factors that can influence vision and eye health

A 
age
developmental level
race
ethnicity
occupation
socioeconomics
social well-being
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21
Q

___ is essential to overall health

A

vision

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22
Q

special vision considerations for older adults

A

pupil size decreases
presbyopia
cataracts
visual acuity - esp. night vision

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23
Q

what type of environments to cataracts typically occur?

A

sunny areas

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24
Q

most common causes of decrease visual functioning in older adults

A

cataracts
glaucoma
age-related macular degeneration
diabetic retinopathy

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25
Q

___ are the leading cause of blindness worldwide

A

cataracts

26
Q

subjective data r/t vision

A 
vision difficulties
pain
strabismus, diplopia
redness, swelling
watering, discharge
hx of ocular problems
glaucoma
pt-centered care
use of glasses, contacts
27
Q

most commonly used and accurate eye chart to measure visual acuity

A

Snellen

28
Q

what does 20/40 vision mean?

A

20: what the pt can read it at
40: what most people can read it at

29
Q

how far to hold a Jager card

A

14”

30
Q

what does the confrontation test measure?

A

peripheral vision

31
Q

how to perform a confrontation test

A

position yourself at eye level, pt 2’ away
pt to cover 1 eye, look ahead
cover your eye opposite to pt
direct finger or pen starting from covered eye, pt to say when they view the object

32
Q

corneal light reflex test is aka

A

Hirschberg test

33
Q

what does the Hirschberg test do?

A

assess parallel alignment of eye axes by shining a light towards the pts eyes

hold the light 12” away

34
Q

what is an MD looking for when looking through an ocular fundus?

A

color, shape, margine of optic disc

35
Q

abnormal finding of the eyelids

A

blepharitis
BCC
chalazion (noninfectious)
Hordeolum (stye; infectious)

36
Q

s/sx of Horedolum and Chalazion

A

edema
redness
pain - more painful with stye

37
Q

eyelid abnormalities

A 
periorbital edema
exophthalmos (protruding eyes)
ptosis (drooping upper lid)
ectropion (lower lid rolling out)
entropion (lower lid rolling in)
38
Q

abnormal findings, fundus

A

diabetic retinopathy
HTN retinopathy
age-related macular degeneration

39
Q

s/sx of retinal detachment

A

closing curtain
bright light
sudden flash with lots of floaters

**medical emergency

40
Q

glaucoma is ___ nerve damange

A

optic

–blurred vision; minimally see in the middle

41
Q

caused by narrowed blood vessels decreasing the effectiveness of the macula

A

macular degeneration

–can not see in the middle but can see surroundings

42
Q

visual impairment increases the likelihood of

A

depression

43
Q

age-related macular degeneration occurs among which race more frequently

A

Caucasians

44
Q

glaucoma is 5 times more common in which race?

A

African Americans

45
Q

potential cause for night blindness

A

vitamin A deficiency

46
Q

eye makeup and applicators should be discharged after ___ months

A

3

47
Q

inability to accommodate for near vision

A

presbyopia

48
Q

presbyopia is common it pts over which age?

A

45

49
Q

precautions used with eye assessment

A

standard

50
Q

children and non-english speaking pts should use which eye chart?

A

E chart or chart with figures and images

51
Q

refers to the total area in which objects can be seen in the periphery while the eye remains focused on a central point

A

visual field

52
Q

which CN is the auditory nerve?

A

CN VIII

53
Q

beginning of the alimentary canal and digestive system

A

mouth

54
Q

2 parts of the oral cavity

A

vestibule

mouth

55
Q

vestibule

A

anterior, smaller
2 regions
-ant: smallest; lips; buccal mucosa; outer surface of gums, teeth, and cheeks
-post: tongue; hard, soft palate; uvula; mandibular, maxillary arch

56
Q

organ for taste

A

tongue

57
Q

the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth by the ___

A

frenulum

58
Q

movement of the uvula is r/t proper functioning of which CNs?

A

CN IX, X

59
Q

ptergium

A

benign growth on cornea

60
Q

pinguecluae

A

benign growth on cornea d/t UV rays

61
Q

what can cause subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

sneezing

will self absorb itself

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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