Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA DX & TX I > Exam 3 - Management of Pregnancy & Whelping > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Management of Pregnancy & Whelping Flashcards

1
Q

when should brucellosis testing be done in dogs if the owner is wanting to breed them?

A

30 days prior to breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why should no vaccines be given once an animal is pregnant?

A

cerebellar hypoplasia if FVRCP given to pregnant cats

encephalitis if given to pregnant bitches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what vaccines carry the highest risk if given during pregnancy?

A

MLV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what should be done in an animal prior to breeding?

A

updating core vaccines, bloodwork, intestinal parasite screening, hw test, FIV/FeLV test, canine herpesvirus titer, broad spectrum deworming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are some breed specific testing for both parents?

A

OFA or penn hip - consider the elbows & spine based on the breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does OFA certified mean for the animals age?

A

they will be at least 2 years old before being bred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why should excess vitamin a be avoided in feeding prior to breeding an animal?

A

avoid midline defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why is there brief anorexia in the 3rd week of pregnancy?

A

fetal implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when should calcium be supplemented in a breeding animal?

A

only postpartum!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what should be the overall weight gain achieved during pregnancy?

A

15-25% of overall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how should the bitch be fed during the length of pregnancy?

A

increase by 10% each week after week 6 unless it’s a singleton or small litter

small frequent meals the last few weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the only safe flea control during pregnancy?

A

flea comb - treat prior to breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what hw drugs are safe during pregnancy?

A

ivermectin & milbemycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what dewormer can be used from day 40 to day 14 postpartum if there are severe parasite issues?

A

fenbendazle at 50mg/kg/day - broad spectrum dewormer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the length of gestation in dogs & cats?

A

63 days in dogs & cats

58-71 rage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when can pregnancy potentially be palpated in dogs & cats?

A

dog: 25-30 days

cats: 15-18 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when can ultrasound be used to determine pregnancy in dogs & cats?

A

dogs: 30 days

cats: 15-18 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is the fetal heart detectable on ultrasound?

A

28 days gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why is ultrasound an ideal tool for pregnancy diagnosis? what are the disadvantages?

A

difficult to count fetuses - but can see fetal death/resorption at this time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why is xray not ideal until later in pregnancy for diagnosis?

A

may see soft tissue swelling day 21-42 but can’t differentiate from pyometra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when does mineralization begin in fetal skeletons that can be seen on xrays of dogs & cats?

A

dogs: day 45

cats: day 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when is xray best used in pregnancy diagnosis?

A

used to count fetuses in the last week of pregnancy - count skulls & spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when is oxytocin used in dystocia?

A

uterine inertia only - no fetal factors or maternal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are some indications for an elecctive c-section?

A

brachycephalic breed

large litter - over 10% fetal death natural whelping

fetal oversize

history dystocia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when should you schedule an elective c-section?

A

63 days after ovulation - progestone 5ng/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are some other clues to look at when considering an elective c-section?

A

check fetal maturity with progesterone testing, < 2ng/ml & fetal ultrasound

temp drop under 100, open cervix on vaginal exam, & milk production

take rads to know how many staff are needed - 1 person per pup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

in emergency c-sections, what should you look for on labwork?

A

leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia (diabetes), hypoglycemia/ketonuria (toxemia)

28
Q

when using an ultrasound to assess vital parameters of fetuses, what are the ranges?

A

normal: >180

fetal distress: 170

fetal emergency: <150

29
Q

how should you prep a bitch for a c-section?

A

pre-oxygenate, pre-shave, IVC & fluids, slow induction with propofol or alfaxalone

30
Q

where should the incision be made for a c-section?

A

1-2 fingers caudal to the umbilicus

31
Q

where should incisions be made in the uterus for a c-section?

A

1 incision at the uterine body or 1 at base of each horn

32
Q

where should clamps be placed on the umbilical cords on the puppies?

A

clamp 1 cm from body wall & then 2cm from 1st clamp - cut between clamps

33
Q

if no premed, when can an opioid be given to a bitch?

A

once the puppies have been removed

34
Q

how should the uterus be closed and with what suture type?

A

close uterus with a double layer inverting pattern - monofilament absorbable suture

35
Q

what congenital abnormalities should puppies be checked for after c-section?

A

cleft palates, umbilical hernias, atresia ani, & abdominal hernias

36
Q

after the bitch is extubated, what should you do with the puppies?

A

assist puppies to nurse for colostrum - walk mom & remove IVC & send home ASAP

don’t leave puppies alone with mom

37
Q

what are some maternal factors causing dystocia?

A

uterine inertia, pelvic canal anomalies, intrapartum complications - hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, sepsis, hypotension

38
Q

what are some fetal factors causing dystocia?

A

fetal oversize, fetal malposition/malposition, anatomic anomalies - hydrocephalus & anasarca (water babies)

39
Q

why does toxemia occur as a pregnancy complication?

A

inadeqaute carbs in diet to meet energy demands

40
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with toxemia in pregnant animals?

A

lethargy, poor appetite, +/- vomiting/diarrhea

41
Q

what lab abnormalities are associated toxemia in pregnant animals?

A

hypoglycemia, ketonuria without glucosuria

42
Q

what is the treatment for toxemia associated with pregnancy?

A

push carbs, c-section after 58 days - ultrasound for fetal viability

may have to abort litter, may need foster dam

43
Q

T/F: toxemia carries a high risk of post partum death

A

true

44
Q

what marks stage 1 of labor?

A

begins within 24 hours of progesterone drop to 2-5 ng/ml in dogs & after 24 hours in cats

transient temp drop <100

lasts 12-24 hours in bitch & 4-24 in queen

reclusive, restlessness, nesting

clear vaginal discharge

45
Q

what are some markers of stage 2 labor?

A

lasts 1-2 hours - external abdominal efforts & myometrial contraction

ferguson reflex - fetus in cervix stimulates release of oxytocin

46
Q

what does green vaginal discharge mean in stage 2 of labor?

A

placental differentiation - only relevant for the first fetus

47
Q

what are some markers of stage 3 of labor?

A

delivery of the placenta

vacillate between stage 2 & 3 until delivery is complete

48
Q

when should all fetuses be delivered?

A

within 24 hours

49
Q

when does poly-hydroallantois (hydrops) develop?

A

6 weeks gestation

50
Q

what is poly-hydroallantois (hydrops)?

A

excess allantoic fluid - excess weight gain by the mother, fetuses are normal

51
Q

how is poly-hydroallantois (hydrops) treated?

A

spironalactone, dandelion

52
Q

what should you plan for in a bitch with poly-hydroallantois (hydrops)?

A

scheduled c-section as soon as the fetuses are viable & bitch is stable

53
Q

what diagnostics are used for placentitis?

A

brucella testing, +/- culture

54
Q

what diagnostics are used for placentitis?

A

brucella testing, +/- culture

55
Q

what should you plan for in a bitch with placentitis?

A

consider c-section at term, & biopsy/culture placenta

56
Q

what are some causes of placentitis?

A

parasite migration, bacterial infection, brucellosis, & viral infections

57
Q

what is placentitis?

A

placental thickening, inflammation, infection

58
Q

why do some animals develop diabetes when pregnant?

A

progesterone interferes with insulin activity - starts as early as day 35 & progresses, so pups are larger putting the mom at an increased risk of dystocia

59
Q

how is diabetes treated in pregnant animals?

A

insulin

c-section after day 58

may need foster dam

remove bitch from breeding program

60
Q

what does herpesvirus cause in a pregnant bitch?

A

mild respiratory problems

61
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with herpesvirus in the pregnant bitch?

A

puppies cry incessantly, painful, 100% mortality rate

62
Q

when are bitches/puppies exposed to herpesvirus?

A

problem in naive bitch exposed in the last 3 weeks of pregnancy or 1st 3 weeks of puppies life

63
Q

what diagnostics/prevention are used for herpesvirus for pregnant bitches?

A

check titers - if negative, no exposure to other dogs during this 6 week period

64
Q

what is hypoluteodism?

A

bitch fails to maintain progesterone levels above 2 to maintain the pregnancy

65
Q

what is the treatment for hypoluteodism?

A

need hormonal treatment - refer to theriogenologist

66
Q

T/F: folic acid at 5-8mg/day can be considered for supplementation in the diet for a pregnant bitch

A

true

67
Q

what 7 pregnancy complications are covered in this lecture?

A
  1. resorption/abortion
  2. placentitis
  3. poly-hydroallantois (hydrops)
  4. diabetes
  5. herpesvirus
  6. hypoluteodism
  7. toxemia

SA DX & TX I (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions