Exam 2 - Respiratory Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)?

A
  1. hypoplastic trachea
  2. stenotic nares
  3. everted laryngeal saccules
  4. elongated soft palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in an animal with an elongated soft palate, what surgery can be performed to correct it?

A

staphylectomy - resection of the posterior soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

label the numbered structures

A
  1. trachea
  2. laryngeal ventricle
  3. epiglottis
  4. vocal fold
  5. corniculate process
  6. cuniform processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some different factors of laryngeal paralysis?

A

breed specific

acquired - metabolic or idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what age animals are typically affected by acquired laryngeal paralysis?

A

over 6 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what age animals are typically affected by congenital laryngeal paralysis?

A

breed specific - less than 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are some different causes of acquired laryngeal paralysis?

A

neoplasia, trauma, infection, iatrogenic, idiopathic, & metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: hypothyroidism is a metabolic cause of laryngeal paralysis

A

false - not proven but may worsen animal’s clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what animals are typically affected by the idiopathic acquired form of laryngeal paralysis?

A

9-12 year old large breed dogs (labs, st. bernard, irish setter, afghan hounds, rotties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some clinical signs associated with idiopathic laryngeal collapse?

A

stridor, dyspnea, difficulty rising, paresis, dysphagia, muscle atrophy, & exercise intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the treatment for idiopathic laryngeal paralysis?

A

tie back surgery - open the larynx permanently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the pros & cons for a tie back surgery for laryngeal paralysis?

A

larynx is permanently opened

risk of aspiration pneumonia & dogs can’t swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the approach for a temporary tracheotomy?

A

between the 3rd & 4th tracheal rings, ventral approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if placing a temporary tracheotomy, what should you be careful in avoiding?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve on the lateral aspect & vagosympathetic trunk, & carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

as far as managing a patient with a endotracheal tube, what should be considered?

A

use as big of a tube as possible

don’t inflate the cuff unless the animal is on a ventilator/anesthetic gas

humidify - add sterile saline/nebulize

replace tube as needed

suction mucous as needed

provide 24 hour care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why should you use as big of a tube as possible when doing a tracheotomy?

A

less clogging

17
Q

why is a tracheotomy used?

A

bypass everything cranial to the tracheotomy

18
Q

what are the potential complications of tracheotomy?

A

occur in about 1/2 of the animals - sudden death

cats have a higher rate of tube occlusion

19
Q

what is the medical management for collapsing trachea?

A

anti-tussives, sedatives, better environment

20
Q

what should be included in the work-up of a patient with a collapsing trachea?

A

radiographs, fluoroscopy, & tracheobronchoscopy

21
Q

what surgical treatment can be done for animals with a collapsing trachea?

A

intraluminal stent & extraluminal rings

22
Q

what are some post-op complications associated with corrective surgery for collapsing trachea?

A

laryngeal paralysis - extraluminal rings
tracheal necrosis - extraluminal rings

stent fracture/migration/granuloma - stent
still will need cough suppressant - stent

continued/progressive collapse

23
Q

T/F: surgical correction of tracheal collapse is considered curable

A

false - neither stents/rings directly address mainstem bronchus collapse

24
Q

how long should the soft palate be?

A

end at the tip of the epiglottis & tonsillar crypts

25
Q

what are examples of lower respiratory tract abnormalities that may require a chest tube?

A

masses, bullae/bleb

26
Q

if surgically correcting stenotic nares in a BOAS dog, what should you do?

A

resect all the way back to the alar wing

27
Q

what is the vertical wedge approach for surgically correcting stenotic nares?

A

broad base is taken at the bottom & then triangular up to the top & suture laterally to open the airway

28
Q

what is the horizontal wedge approach for surgically correcting stenotic nares?

A

take the broad base laterally & then suture upwards to open the airway

29
Q

how are everted laryngeal saccules surgically corrected?

A

pull them out with allis tissue forceps & snip it off being sure not to cut the vocal folds

30
Q

how should an elongated soft palate be corrected surgically?

A

place 1 stay suture on either side at the distance you want to resect

cut & suture while you cut