Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA DX & TX I > Exam 2 - Airway Disorders > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Airway Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general pathogenesis of the collapse of the trachea & mainstem bronchi?

A

cartilage rings lose rigidity & reduction of glycosaminoglycans & chondroitin sulfate in cartilage rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is tracheomalacia?

A

collapse of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is tracheobronchomalacia?

A

collapse of the trachea & bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is bronchomalacia?

A

collapse of the bronchi supported by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

45-83% of dogs with tracheal collapse also have what other condition?

A

bronchomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what animals are typically affected by tracheal collapse?

A

middle-aged toy & small breed dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what clinical signs are seen with tracheal collapse?

A

often episodic & progressive in nature

honking cough, stertor if extrathoracic trachea, respiratory distress, & trachea sensitivity on palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

coughing leads to ______ which leads to ______ creating a vicious cycle

A

airway collapse

inflammation & edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is a collapsing trachea diagnosed?

A

inspiratory & expiratory radiographs, fluoroscopy to assess for dynamic collapse, & tracheoscopy (more invasive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is considered the gold standard for diagnosing a collapsing trachea?

A

tracheoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does the trachea fluoresce on fluoroscopy?

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what should you set up for owner expectations in patients with tracheal collapse?

A

irreversible, goal is to manage clinical signs, often is progressive, & their pet will still have flare ups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what medical management of the environment can be used for dogs with tracheal collapse?

A

harness instead of neck leash, optimum body weight, avoid heat stress/intense exercise/excitement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what medical therapy can be used for dogs with tracheal collapse?

A

sedatives, cough suppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why use cough suppressants in a dog with a collapsing trachea? how should you dose them?

A

goal is to break the cough cycle & improve the quality of life

frequent dosing for a few days, gradually increase interval between doses

sedation is the most common side effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why would you use prednisone for a patient with tracheal collapse? how would you dose it?

A

control tracheal or bronchial inflammation - 1mg/kg/day for 1 week & taper them off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: bronchodilators have no effect on larger airways & therefore, won’t be useful in an animal with a collapsing trachea

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the emergency management used for a patient with a collapsing trachea?

A

oxygen supplementation, sedatives, & keep the animal cool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the purpose of surgery for tracheal collapse?

A

last resort - palliative option used after medical management fails

used to establish a patent airway - but won’t treat the collapsing mainstem bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is very important in using surgery for a patient with a collapsing trachea?

A

will need to control the cough first & the animal will still require medical management after the procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some examples of potential complications associated with tracheal stenting?

A

tracheal perforation, stent migration or fracture, & stent collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are some examples of potential complications associated with extraluminal rings?

A

laryngeal paralysis, tracheal necrosis, pneumothorax, & collapse of adjacent airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the components of feline asthma?

A

common, allergic lower airway disease that causes airway inflammation

24
Q

why does bronchospasm occur in feline asthma?

A

hyper-responsiveness & restricted airflow

25
Q

what happens with chronic inflammation in feline asthma?

A

airway remodeling

26
Q

what is the median age of cats affected by feline asthma?

A

4-5 years

27
Q

what are the clinical signs of feline asthma?

A

episodic, may be chronic, cough, tachypnea, & increased respiratory effort on expiration or expiration & inspiration

28
Q

if a cat presents during an asthmatic episode, what may you see clinically?

A

tachypnea, dyspnea, open-mouth breathing, & sometimes increased expiratory effort

29
Q

why can it be hard to diagnose feline asthma?

A

animal may present between episodes - have the owner record the cat

30
Q

T/F: feline asthma is often a presumptive diagnosis

A

true

31
Q

what may be seen on radiographs from a cat with asthma?

A

bronchial/bronchointerstitial pattern

collapse of the right lung lobe from mucus trapping

hyperlucent (hyperinflated lungs)

flattening of the diaphragm

32
Q

why is airway wash not typically done in cats with suspected asthma?

A

scoping or wash can induce bronchospasm

33
Q

what additional testing should be run in a cat with suspected asthma?

A

heartworm testing, r/o lung worms, & CBC to look for eosinophilia

34
Q

what is the emergency management done for cats with feline asthma?

A

oxygen, consider sedation, bronchodilator (terbutaline IM/IV, albuterol inhaler), & dexamethasone IM/IV

35
Q

what is the chronic management done for cats with feline asthma?

A

corticosteroids - to reduce inflammation & mucus production

avoid methylprednisolone

start with oral pred

add inhaled fluticasone

wean pred over 2-3 weeks

36
Q

how is inhaled corticosteroid therapy used for feline asthma?

A

shake inhaler & insert into chamber - apply mask over nose & mouth

7-10 breaths

37
Q

why are bronchodilators used for rescue only in asthmatic cats?

A

they have pro-inflammatory effects which can result in permanent airway damage

38
Q

what is feline chronic bronchitis?

A

chronic airway inflammation without bronchospasm

39
Q

feline chronic bronchitis is clinically indistinguishable from what other disease in cats?

A

feline asthma

40
Q

how is feline chronic bronchitis diagnosed?

A

airway wash characterized by non-degenerate neutrophils

41
Q

what are some differentials for a bronchial pattern on thoracic rads of a dog?

A

chronic bronchitis, allergic bronchitis, bacterial infection/kennel cough, & pulmonary parasites

42
Q

what cytology is seen with canine chronic bronchitis?

A

mild, predominantly neutrophilic inflammation

43
Q

T/F: bronchoconstriction is the hallmark of canine chronic bronchitis

A

false - it is absent

44
Q

what is characteristic of canine chronic bronchitis?

A

chronic neutrophilic inflammation

45
Q

what dogs are commonly affected by canine chronic bronchitis?

A

often older adult dogs

46
Q

what are components of disease seen in canine chronic bronchitis?

A

bronchial wall thickening, excessive mucus production, unknown cause

47
Q

what is the common clinical presentation of a dog with canine chronic bronchitis?

A

cough > 2 months duration of variable severity, exercise intolerance, may have increased lung sounds or crackles

48
Q

what are the main components of managing canine chronic bronchitis?

A

chronic management, controlling clinical signs, reducing inflammation, & slow airway remodeling

49
Q

what are some general changes made for managing canine chronic bronchitis?

A

maintaining a healthy weight, limit activity/excessive barking, & eliminate potential environmental irritants

50
Q

what should be avoided in the environment for an animal with canine chronic bronchitis?

A

cigarette smoke, wood smoke, wall to wall carpet, scented cleaning products, scented candles, room sprays, essential oil diffusers

51
Q

what medications can be used for management of canine chronic bronchitis?

A

glucocorticoids - pred & taper by 25% in 2-3 week intervals & maintain at the lowest effective dose

cough suppressants - once inflammation is controlled, if the cough is non-productive, & help dog sleep at night

52
Q

what airway changes may be seen in canine chronic bronchitis?

A

fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary hypertension, irreversible bronchial dilation, destruction of the walls, & predisposes the animal to recurrent bacterial infections

53
Q

T/F: there is a cure for canine chronic bronchitis

A

false

54
Q

if there are acute worsening signs in your patient with managed canine chronic bronchitis, what should you consider?

A

secondary infection - radiographs, airway wash, & empirical antibiotic therapy

possibility of new etiology - airway collapse, valvular disease, neoplasia

consider short course of pred & then taper

55
Q

what is canine chronic bronchitis?

A

bronchitis in dogs that is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, can be a hypersensitivity reaction, may be acute or chronic, & disease can only be managed not cured

SA DX & TX I (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions