Exam 2 - Nasal Disease in Dogs & Cats Flashcards
what are some general clinical signs of nasal disease?
nasal discharge, sneezing, gagging/retching, stertor, inappetance
what can serous nasal discharge indicate?
- normal
- viral URT
- may be early in disease
what can mucopurulent nasal discharge indicate?
- inflammation
- secondary bacterial rhinitis, fungal rhinitis
-foreign body/mass/polyp/tooth root abscess
what can epistaxis indicate?
-trauma
-coagulopathy
-vasculitis
-hypertension
-trauma
-foreign body/neoplasia
-hyperviscosity syndromes
how can you characterize clinical signs of nasal disease in dogs & cats?
- type of discharge
- onset & duration
- unilateral, bilateral, or unilateral progressing to bilateral
- other - nasal foreign body patients typically rub at their face
if there is an acute onset, what may this characterize the nasal disease into?
viral infection or foreign body
if there is an chronic onset, what may this characterize the nasal disease into?
neoplasia or fungal infection
if there are unilateral nasal disease signs, how may this characterize the nasal disease?
foreign body, polyp, tooth root abscess
if there are bilateral nasal disease signs, how may this characterize the nasal disease?
allergic rhinitis & chronic rhinitis
if there are unilateral nasal disease signs that progress to bilateral, how may this characterize the nasal disease?
fungal rhinitis & neoplasia
what should be included in your physical exam in a patient with suspected nasal disease?
complete physical exam, facial symmetry, ulceration of nasal planum, exophthalmus, patency of nares, fundic exam, & oral exam
what diagnostic tests should I run if a patient presents with epistaxis?
blood pressure, CBC for platelet count, BMBT, VWF, PT, PTT, & look for local nasal disease
what systemic evaluation can be done prior to anesthesia or more invasive tests?
CBC, chemistry, urinalysis, FeLV/FIV, & tick-borne testing
when should you take thoracic radiographs of a patient with nasal disease?
if animal is:
coughing, tachypnic, & has crackles
concern of aspiration pneumonia, cryptococcus
what test is only helpful to evaluate for cryptococcus in cats?
cytology of nasal swab
T/F: a cytology run off a nasal swab can help rule out cryptococcus
false - can’t rule it out
what is this?
cryptococcus
an FNA of the submandibular lymph nodes for cytology can be helpful for evaluating for what?
neoplasia & cryptococcus
when is a nasopharyngeal exam typically done?
when looking for nasopharyngeal polyps in cats - with a spay hook & dental mirror
why not culture swabs from the nose, oral cavity, tonsils, or nasal flush samples?
contaminated by the environment
what is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing nasal disease?
CT
what all does CT evaluate in nasal disease?
nasal cavity, sinuses, septum, hard palate, & cribiform plate
what all is rhinoscopy used for in diagnosing nasal disease?
foreign body retrieval, assessing mass lesions, fungal plaques, turbinate destruction, & guided biopsies