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MICROM 442 > Exam 3 Lecture 26 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Lecture 26 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a schistocyte?

A

A fragmented part of a red blood cell

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2
Q

What is a Howell-Jolly body and when do they appear?

A

nuclear remnants in old RBCs, typically occurs when there is no spleen

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3
Q

Name the bacteria that is Gram-negative, long, slender, and grows best in CO2

A

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

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4
Q

Where was capnocytophaga canimorsus first isolated?

A

From a patient suffering from a dog bite

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5
Q

C. canimorsus evades the innate surveillance by failing to stimulate _____ and _____

A

TLR4, TLR5

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6
Q

What does C. canimorsus feed on?

A

The glycans on the surface of mammalian cells

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7
Q

True or False: C. canimorsus is resistant to complement & PMNs

A

True

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8
Q

Where is C. canimorsus found?

A

It is part of the normal gingival flora in several dogs/cats

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9
Q

Which serotypes of C. canimorsus are responsible for causing infection in humans?

A

Serotypes A and C

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10
Q

Which individuals are most at risk for C. canimorsus? (3)

A

patients w splenectomy, alcoholism, corticosteroid therapy

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11
Q

What is the treatment for C. canimorsus? (3)

A

Ampicillin-sulbactam, carbapenems, clindamycin

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12
Q

How can C. canimorsus be prevented?

A

Administering prophylactic amoxicillin-clavulanate following animal bites

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13
Q

How is C. canimorsus diagnosed?

A

Culture in routine blood culture systems under 5-10% CO2

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14
Q

C. canimorsus stimlates ___ but fails to stimulate ____ and ___

A

TLR2, TLR 4 & TLR 5

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15
Q

(Review) What does TLR 2 recognize?

A

lipoproteins in bacteria

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16
Q

(Review) What does TLR 4 recognize?

A

LPS

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17
Q

(Review) What does TLR 5 recognize?

A

flagellin

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18
Q

Where is Pasteurella multocida found?

A

found in the upper respiratory tract of birds/ w fowl cholera, also found in mammals (ie. cats/dogs)

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19
Q

Describe the Gram-stain of P. multocida

A

small, gram-neg coccobacillus

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20
Q

What does P. multocida grow on?

A

Chocolate agar and blood agar

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21
Q

What does P. multocida not grow on?

A

MacConkey agar

22
Q

What do P. multocida colonies smell like?

A

mousey odor

23
Q

What virulence factors are present in P. multocida?

A

antiphagocytic capsule, transferrin binding, LPS, adhesins, iron uptake systems, phage-encoded toxin (activates host G-proteins)

24
Q

Human infections of P. multocida typically follow …….

A

dog bites or scratches

25
Q

Which individuals are at risk for P. multicoda?

A

Patients w/ chronic liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, prosthetic joints

26
Q

What are the clinical features of P. multocida?

A

skin/soft issue infections, osteomyelitis, respiratory tract infections

27
Q

How is P. multocida diagnosed?

A

culture

28
Q

What is the treatment for P. multocida?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones

29
Q

Similar to C. canimorsus, P. multocida is prevented by using ….. after animal bites

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate

30
Q

In elderly people, there is increasing cases of __________

A

Pasteurellosis

31
Q

True or False: Thousands of Saiga antelopes died off in a 3 week period due to Pasteurellosis

A

True

32
Q

__________ _________ causes rat bite fever

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

33
Q

Describe the Gram-stain of S. moniliformis

A

filamentous Gram-neg rod

34
Q

What is S. moniliformis unable to grow in? Why can’t it?

A

Routine blood cultures. Because it has an anticoagulant known as SPS

35
Q

True or False: another form of rat bite fever is present in Asia and is caused by ______ ____

A

Spirillum minus

36
Q

True or False: Spirillum minus can be cultured

A

FALSE

37
Q

Where is S. moniliformis found?

A

the normal upper respiratory tract of rats

38
Q

How is S. moniliformis acquired?

A

rat bite or can rarely be acquired from infected milk

39
Q

What symptoms does S. moniliformis cause?

A

Fever, painful joints, painful rashes, occasionally sepsis, localized metastatic infection or endocarditis

40
Q

What symptoms does S. minus cause?

A

ulcer at the site of the rat bite and swelling of regional lymph nodes

41
Q

How is rat bite fever diagnosed?

A

Culture in broth w/ 10-20% serum & PCR

42
Q

What is the treatment for rat bite fever?

A

Penicillin primarily, tetracyclines can be substituted

43
Q

How can rat bite fever be prevented?

A

vermin control, avoidance of unpasteurized milk, avoid close contact w/ rats

44
Q

Anthrax is primarily a disease of ______

A

herbivores

45
Q

Where do anthrax spores persist?

A

in soil

46
Q

Humans can be infected w/ Anthrax by contact with ……. or ………….

A

infected animals or contaminated animal products (cashmere wool)

47
Q

During the entire 20th century, ____ cases of inhalational anthrax occurred

A

18

48
Q

The last naturally occurring US case of inhalational anthrax previous to the mail incident was in ____

A

1976

49
Q

Anthrax outbreak in Russia is thought to be a result of _______ _______

A

thawing permafrost

50
Q

True or False: Climate change is predicted to substantially expand areas of anthrax risk in northern latitudes

A

True

51
Q

Anthrax is caused by B. anthracis, which is a large …………….

A

Gram + rod (tends to form chains)

MICROM 442 (26 decks)

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