Exam 3 Lecture 26

Question 1

What is a schistocyte?

Answer 1

A fragmented part of a red blood cell

Question 2

What is a Howell-Jolly body and when do they appear?

Answer 2

nuclear remnants in old RBCs, typically occurs when there is no spleen

Question 3

Name the bacteria that is Gram-negative, long, slender, and grows best in CO2

Answer 3

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Question 4

Where was capnocytophaga canimorsus first isolated?

Answer 4

From a patient suffering from a dog bite

Question 5

C. canimorsus evades the innate surveillance by failing to stimulate _____ and _____

Answer 5

TLR4, TLR5

Question 6

What does C. canimorsus feed on?

Answer 6

The glycans on the surface of mammalian cells

Question 7

True or False: C. canimorsus is resistant to complement & PMNs

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Where is C. canimorsus found?

Answer 8

It is part of the normal gingival flora in several dogs/cats

Question 9

Which serotypes of C. canimorsus are responsible for causing infection in humans?

Answer 9

Serotypes A and C

Question 10

Which individuals are most at risk for C. canimorsus? (3)

Answer 10

patients w splenectomy, alcoholism, corticosteroid therapy

Question 11

What is the treatment for C. canimorsus? (3)

Answer 11

Ampicillin-sulbactam, carbapenems, clindamycin

Question 12

How can C. canimorsus be prevented?

Answer 12

Administering prophylactic amoxicillin-clavulanate following animal bites

Question 13

How is C. canimorsus diagnosed?

Answer 13

Culture in routine blood culture systems under 5-10% CO2

Question 14

C. canimorsus stimlates ___ but fails to stimulate ____ and ___

Answer 14

TLR2, TLR 4 & TLR 5

Question 15

(Review) What does TLR 2 recognize?

Answer 15

lipoproteins in bacteria

Question 16

(Review) What does TLR 4 recognize?

Answer 16

LPS

Question 17

(Review) What does TLR 5 recognize?

Answer 17

flagellin

Question 18

Where is Pasteurella multocida found?

Answer 18

found in the upper respiratory tract of birds/ w fowl cholera, also found in mammals (ie. cats/dogs)

Question 19

Describe the Gram-stain of P. multocida

Answer 19

small, gram-neg coccobacillus

Question 20

What does P. multocida grow on?

Answer 20

Chocolate agar and blood agar

Question 21

What does P. multocida not grow on?

Answer 21

MacConkey agar

Question 22

What do P. multocida colonies smell like?

Answer 22

mousey odor

Question 23

What virulence factors are present in P. multocida?

Answer 23

antiphagocytic capsule, transferrin binding, LPS, adhesins, iron uptake systems, phage-encoded toxin (activates host G-proteins)

Question 24

Human infections of P. multocida typically follow …….

Answer 24

dog bites or scratches

Question 25

Which individuals are at risk for P. multicoda?

Answer 25

Patients w/ chronic liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, prosthetic joints

Question 26

What are the clinical features of P. multocida?

Answer 26

skin/soft issue infections, osteomyelitis, respiratory tract infections

Question 27

How is P. multocida diagnosed?

Answer 27

culture

Question 28

What is the treatment for P. multocida?

Answer 28

Penicillin, cephalosporin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones

Question 29

Similar to C. canimorsus, P. multocida is prevented by using ..... after animal bites

Answer 29

amoxicillin-clavulanate

Question 30

In elderly people, there is increasing cases of __________

Answer 30

Pasteurellosis

Question 31

True or False: Thousands of Saiga antelopes died off in a 3 week period due to Pasteurellosis

Answer 31

True

Question 32

__________ _________ causes rat bite fever

Answer 32

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Question 33

Describe the Gram-stain of S. moniliformis

Answer 33

filamentous Gram-neg rod

Question 34

What is S. moniliformis unable to grow in? Why can't it?

Answer 34

Routine blood cultures. Because it has an anticoagulant known as SPS

Question 35

True or False: another form of rat bite fever is present in Asia and is caused by ______ ____

Answer 35

Spirillum minus

Question 36

True or False: Spirillum minus can be cultured

Answer 36

FALSE

Question 37

Where is S. moniliformis found?

Answer 37

the normal upper respiratory tract of rats

Question 38

How is S. moniliformis acquired?

Answer 38

rat bite or can rarely be acquired from infected milk

Question 39

What symptoms does S. moniliformis cause?

Answer 39

Fever, painful joints, painful rashes, occasionally sepsis, localized metastatic infection or endocarditis

Question 40

What symptoms does S. minus cause?

Answer 40

ulcer at the site of the rat bite and swelling of regional lymph nodes

Question 41

How is rat bite fever diagnosed?

Answer 41

Culture in broth w/ 10-20% serum & PCR

Question 42

What is the treatment for rat bite fever?

Answer 42

Penicillin primarily, tetracyclines can be substituted

Question 43

How can rat bite fever be prevented?

Answer 43

vermin control, avoidance of unpasteurized milk, avoid close contact w/ rats

Question 44

Anthrax is primarily a disease of ______

Answer 44

herbivores

Question 45

Where do anthrax spores persist?

Answer 45

in soil

Question 46

Humans can be infected w/ Anthrax by contact with ....... or .............

Answer 46

infected animals or contaminated animal products (cashmere wool)

Question 47

During the entire 20th century, ____ cases of inhalational anthrax occurred

Answer 47

18

Question 48

The last naturally occurring US case of inhalational anthrax previous to the mail incident was in ____

Answer 48

1976

Question 49

Anthrax outbreak in Russia is thought to be a result of _______ _______

Answer 49

thawing permafrost

Question 50

True or False: Climate change is predicted to substantially expand areas of anthrax risk in northern latitudes

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Anthrax is caused by B. anthracis, which is a large ................

Answer 51

Gram + rod (tends to form chains)