Exam 3 Lecture 21 Flashcards
True or false: Salmonella has many polar flagella
False: peretrichous flagella
What types of food has Salmonella been carried in?
leafy green veggies, malt&meal, chicken pot pie, ice cream (dairy), peanut butter
True or false: rapid use of antibiotics have increased the number and frequency of multi-drug resistant strains of Salmonella
true
What are some commonalities between Salmonella and Yersinia? (6)
- gram-negative rods
- facultative anaerobes
- can cause enteritis and systemic disease
- both use T3SS encoded on pathogenicity islands
- both adhere to M-cells of Peyer’s patches
- both interact w/ macrophages
True or false: Salmonella is usually only found in poultry
false; ubiquitous organism (has been found in seeds and spices)
There are over ___ different types of Salmonella, and ___ are associated with humans and mammals.
2250; 1435
True or false: the vast majority of salmonella serotypes are found in cold-blooded animals
false - warm blooded
Salmonella does not form ___ and does not ferment ____. (also: what is one exception?)
spores; lactose
S. Arizona is an exception
___ formation in indicator media is used to differentiate Salmonella
H2S
What are 4 commonly used medias to isolate Salmonella?
- SS agar
- Hektoen
- XLT
- MacConkey
What surface markers in Salmonella can we use for serotype description? (2)
- H-antigen
2. O-antigen
S. Typhi contains __-____, which is a polysaccharide capsule
Vi-antigen
True or false: there is no vaccine available for S. Typhi
False - there are 2 (Ts21a live oral vaccine, Vi-antigen injectable)
How long does the Vi-antigen vaccine last?
1-1.5 years
___ ___ that are present in media inhibit the growth of __-___ organisms like streptococcus and staphylococcus
bile salts; gram-positive
S. Arizona can look like:
E. coli
Symptoms of non-typhoidal Salmonella infection
fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhea (sometimes bloody)
occasionally establish localized infection like septic arthritis or progress to sepsis
How is non-typhoidal Salmonella transmitted?
ingestion of contaminated food, water, or contact with infected animals
Non-typhoidal Salmonella affects which age group? Who is most at risk for severe disease?
affects all ages; most at risk include infants, elderly, immunocompromised
50% of all salmonellosis cases in the US are due to either: (3)
S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Newport
likely due to the way poultry operations are run
An estimated 1.4 million cases of non-typhoidal Salmonella occur annually in the US, but this number is likely ___-____
under-reported
True or false: Salmonella is an enteric pathogen, and all spp are capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrate hosts.
False - not all of them. S. Typhi only infects/replicates in humans
Salmonella is a ____ ____ ____, so it can survive both intra/extracellularly
facultative intracellular pathogen
Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes cause:
enteritis and occasional systemic infection