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MICROM 442 > Exam 1 Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What group does Streptococcus pyogenes fall under?

A

Group A

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2
Q

Name some important characteristics of S. pyogenes (think structure, hemolysis, enzyme presence)

A
  • Gram positive cocci that comes in pairs and chains
  • beta hemolytic
  • catalase negative
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3
Q

Where can S. pyogenes be found as part of the normal microbiota?

A

skin and nasopharynx

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4
Q

How does S. pyogenes spread? (2 things)

A
  1. respiratory droplets

2. direct contact

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5
Q

________ ____ and ______ _ bind epithelial fibronectin, which enhances bacterial adherence and entry into human cells

A

lipoteichoic acid

protein F

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6
Q

What protein is a scaffold for lipoteichoic acid and is important in binding keratinocytes?

A

M protein

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7
Q

What does the M protein bind to?

A

fibrinogen

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8
Q

The M protein is a key virulence determinant. What makes it increase virulence of S. pyogenes? (4 things)

A
  1. limits complement deposition via the alternative pathway
  2. it is anti-phagocytic
  3. sequesters and neutralizes antimicrobial peptides
  4. M-like proteins
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9
Q

What kind of capsule does S. pyogenes have?

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule

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10
Q

What is hyaluronic acid a major component of?

A

connective tissue (thus it disguises itself by blending in)

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11
Q

What is the role of C5a peptidase is S. pyogenes?

A

It inactivates c5, which normally functions to recruit host phagocytes

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12
Q

List the types of Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

A

SPE A, B, C

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13
Q

Out of the 3 SPEs, which one(s) are superantigens?

A

A & C

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14
Q

_____ _ is surface bound, a cysteine protease, and an adhesin that binds host laminin. it also leads to the production of IL-1, TNFa, IL-6, which all lead to _____.

A

SPE B

fever

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15
Q

What is the function of streptokinase?

A

activates host plasminogen –> plasmin –> fibrin degradation (thus it degrades blood clots and further blocks the blood clotting response so that it can move more freely thru the host’s circulation)

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16
Q

What age group is pharyngitis common in?

A

school age children 5-15 yrs

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17
Q

What treatment is used to avoid complications of pharyngitis?

A

penicillin

18
Q

What is the immunological complication of pharyngitis?

A

acute rheumatic fever

19
Q

Fibrillar coiled-coil M protein share homology with _____.

A

myosin

20
Q

The host makes antibodies to the M protein of Group A strep, but the antibodies can cross react w/ ______. These antibodies are known as ____ _____.

A

myocardium (muscle of the heart)

x-reactive antibodies

21
Q

True or False: When acute rheumatic fever occurs, the individual may get life-long susceptibility to bacterial endocarditis.

A

True

22
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A

pharyngitis (strep) w/ a characteristic rash

23
Q

What leads to scarlet fever?

A

SPE intoxication

24
Q

What are symptoms associated w/ scarlet fever? (4 things)

A

punctate hemorrhages on soft & hard palate, strawberry tongue, red cheeks, circumoral pallor

25
Q

What is impetigo?

A

A form of transient skin colonization

26
Q

How is impetigo spread?

A

Direct contact w/ an infected individual, whether it be by indirectly touching the same items or directly contacting their lesions

27
Q

True or False: Impetigo is more common in young children, specifically of children aged 2-5yrs and in their face and lower extremities

A

True

28
Q

Impetigo is more often caused by __ ______, but increased by S. pyogenes

A

S. aureus

29
Q

What layer of skin does impetigo colonize?

A

superficial layers of skin (top skin layer)

30
Q

How are erysipelas and cellulitis different from impetigo?

A

They penetrate deeper into the dermis

31
Q

With erysipelas and cellulitis, the lesion is clearly demarcated and rapidly spreads. Where does infection frequently occur?

A

Face, often follows pharyngitis

32
Q

What are symptoms associated w/ erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

fever and enlargement of the lymph nodes

33
Q

When does acute glomerulonephritis occur?

A

1-4 weeks after pharyngitis and 3-6 weeks after skin infection

34
Q

The M protein of some nephritic strains share ______ similarity with _______ proteins

A

antigen

glomerulus

35
Q

Traditionally, only nephritogenic strains of group A strep pyogenes lead to ____ _________

A

acute glomerulonephritis

36
Q

What is the most severe complication from infection w/ Group A strep pyogenes?

A

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)

37
Q

List the symptoms of STSS (3)

A
  • muscular pain
  • chills
  • pain at focus of initial infection site
38
Q

When there is enhanced invasiveness into skin and soft tissue, the bacteria begin to distribute along lines of _____.

A

fascia

39
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Bacterial infection along our fascia that leads to death of the body’s own tissue

40
Q

______ is part of our muscle and is part of what allows our muscle to move and flex without resistance or friction.

A

Fascia

41
Q

What are the symptoms of STSS? (5)

A
  1. nausea
  2. renal impairment
  3. diarrhea
  4. hypotension
  5. shock –> organ damage

MICROM 442 (26 decks)

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