Exam 3 Lecture 22 Flashcards
Describe the gram stain of Campylobacter and Helicobacter
gram-negative helical rods
Campylobacter and Helicobacter are part of which broad group?
Epsilonproteobacteria
True or false: though they were discovered in the last 50 years, Campylobacter and Helicobacter are common bacterial pathogens
True
Campylobacter and Helicobacter are _____ and ____
microaerophilic; fastidious
Campylobacter and Helicobacter infect the __ ___ of humans and other animals
GI tract
True or false: Campylobacter and Helicobacter do not have flagellar motility
False
C. jejuni has ____ flagella, which contributes to what kind of motility?
bipolar; darting motility
Lophotrichous flagella
Multiple flagella found at one end of the bacterium
H. pylori has ____ flagella, which allows for:
lophotrichous; penetration of mucus (which likely attributes to its ability to get into the tissue and cause infection)
How do Campylobacter and Helicobacter have molecular mimicry?
Their LPS/LOS structures mimic host glycosylation, which can induce autoantibodies (those that mistakenly target the host)
How many species of Campylobacter do we know of? How many subspecies?
32 species; 9 subspecies
True or false: Campylobacter is the major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in developed nations
True (more than Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella combined)
Does Campylobacter cause disease via low or high inoculum?
Low (400-500 sufficient to cause infection)
Most Campylobacter infections are caused by:
C. jejuni
C. coli attributes to -% of Campylobacter infections
1-25%
True or false: Campylobacter can commonly colonize domestic animals where it doesn’t cause much disease.
True
C. jejuni causes ____, which consists of what symptoms?
Enteritis; symptoms = diarrhea; sometimes bloody, fever, abdominal pain, inflammation
C. jejuni symptoms usually appear in __-__ hours. The range is - days.
24-48 hours; 1-7 days
True or false: C. jejuni enteritis usually is self-limiting and resolves within a week
True
Sometimes, C. jejuni infection can become _____, which can lead to other diseases, such as:
extraintestinal; biliary tract, bacteremia, meningitis, others
How is C. jejuni infection treated?
fluids and electrolytes, antibiotics for severe infections
True or false: antibiotic resistance is a problem when treating C. jejuni
True - presumably due to resistance having developed in livestock
Which antibiotics are used for treating C. jejuni?
Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin
True or false: For diagnosing C. jejuni, culture via selective media is the gold standard
True