Exam 2: Cytokines in Therapy Flashcards
1
Q
Cytokines
A
Direct the growth, development, maturation, and life span of immune cells.
Divided into several categories:
- Interferons
- Tumor necrosis factor
- Interleukins
- Colony stimulating factors
2
Q
Interferons
A
-
Glycoproteins that act in paracrine fashion
- Released into extracellular space
- Binds to receptors on nearby cells
- Named for ability to interfere with viral replication
- Type I and Type II
3
Q
Type I Interferons
A
Interferon α and β
- Produced in response to viral infections
- Induces proteins that inhibit viral replication
4
Q
Interferon α
A
Used to treat:
-
Chronic hepatitis B and C
- No longer the preferred treatment due to advances
- Hairy cell leukemia
- AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum)
- Malignant melanoma
5
Q
Interferon β
A
Used in relapsing-type MS
6
Q
Type II Interferons
A
Interferon γ
- ↑ phagocytosis by Mφ
- ↑ MHC expression
- ↑ antigen presentation
7
Q
Interferon γ
A
Used for chronic granulomatous disease
(Inherited primary immunodeficiency d/t lack of NADPH oxidase)
8
Q
Tumor Necrosis Factor α
(TNF-α)
A
- Made by mast cells, Mφ, and T-cells
- Major role in immune cell activation
- Regulates immune responses & inflammation
- Blockade of TNF-α used to treat autoimmune disorders
- TNF-α only effective for malignant melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma
9
Q
Interleukins
A
- Made by WBCs
- Regulates function of other immune cells
- > 35 IL’s identified
10
Q
IL-1
A
- Causes fever and acute inflammation
- Blockade of IL-1 used for RA
11
Q
IL-2
A
- Responsible for T cell proliferation & promotes TH1 path
- IL-2 used for renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma
12
Q
IL-11
A
- Stimulates platelet production
- Analogues used for thrombocytopenia
13
Q
Colony Stimulating Factors
A
Acts on stem cells in bone marrow ⇒ growth & differentiation into specific types of blood cells
14
Q
Monocyte CSF
A
Growth of cells of monocyte lineage
15
Q
Granulocyte Macrophage CSF
A
Growth and differentiation of dendritic cells
