Exam 1: Pathology Vocab

Question 1

An abnormality can be simplified as…

Answer 1

deviation from normal.

Something missing that should be there or something extra or different from normal is there.

Question 2

Hirschsprung disease is an example of..

Answer 2

something missing

(Congenital lack of ganglion cells in a portion of the GI tract.)

Question 3

Pulmonary edema is an example of…

Answer 3

something extra/different.

(Fluid in alveolar spaces)

Question 4

Pathologic

Mechanisms

Answer 4

1. Cell injury and death
2. Inflammation and tissue repair
3. Neoplasia
4. Genetic and congenital
5. Immunological
6. Environmental and nutritional
7. Infectious

Question 5

Pathology

Questions to Ask

Answer 5

1. Who gets it?
   
   • Age, gender, risk factors
2. How does it happen?
   
   • Pathogenesis, mechanism
3. How do we diagnose it?
   
   • Signs, symptoms, tests, etc
4. What does it look like?
   
   • Grossly, microscopically
5. How is it treated?
   
   • Drugs, surgery, etc
6. What is the prognosis?

Question 6

Tissue Interface

Answer 6

How to describe the interface between abnormal and normal tissue.

1. Circumscribed
2. Encapsulated
3. Infiltrative
4. Lobular
5. Pushing border
6. Serpiginous border

Question 7

Circumscribed

Answer 7

Question 8

Encapsulated

Answer 8

Question 9

Infiltrative

Answer 9

Question 10

Lobular

Answer 10

Question 11

Pushing Border

Answer 11

Question 12

Serpiginous Border

Answer 12

Question 13

Cellularity

Answer 13

• Must recognize if a given tissue is more or less cellular than its normal appearance
• Less cellular than normal ⇒ hypocellular
• More cellular than normal ⇒ hypercellular
  
  • Often appears blue
    
    • Due to number/density of nuclei
      
      • Stains blue on H&E

Question 14

Hypercellular

Causes

Answer 14

1. Inflammation
2. Presence of lymphoid tissue
3. Tissue repair in an early stage
4. Neoplasm

Question 15

Inflammation

Answer 15

Hypercellularity caused by an influx of WBCs.

Acute inflammation ⇒ neutrophils

Chronic inflammation ⇒ lymphocytes

Question 16

Lymphoid Tissue

Presence

Answer 16

Lymphocytes have minimal cytoplasm on H&E and appears blue.

Question 17

Tissue Repair

Early Stage

Answer 17

Granulation tissue is hypercellular.

• Recently formed
• Quickly growing
• Very vascular
• Contains inflammatory cells and fibroblasts
  
  • Fibroblasts will make collagen for repair

Question 18

Neoplasm

Answer 18

Many neoplasms hypercellular compared to normal tissue.

• Increased nuclear:cytoplasm ratio characteristic of maligmant cells
• Most appear as a very blue lesion on H&E

Question 19

Architectural Pattern

Answer 19

Another important descriptor of tissue appearance.

Certain terms associated with particular lesions.

1. Alveolar
2. Biphasic
3. Bosselated
4. Cribriform
5. Discohesive
6. Eburnated
7. Epitheloid
8. Fascicular
9. Friable
10. Glandular
11. Herringbone
12. Hobnailed
13. Indian file
14. Micropapillary
15. Pagetoid spread
16. Palisading
17. Papillary
18. Papyraceous
19. Pedunculated
20. Polarized
21. Reticular
22. Rosettes
23. Sessile
24. Spindled
25. Storiform
26. Syncytial
27. Trabecular

Question 20

Alveolar

Answer 20

Question 21

Biphasic

Answer 21

Question 22

Bosselated

Answer 22

Question 23

Cribriform

Answer 23

Question 24

Discohesive

Answer 24

Question 25

Eburnated

Answer 25

Question 26

Epithelioid

Answer 26

Question 27

Fascicular

Answer 27

Question 28

Friable

Answer 28

Question 29

Glandular

Answer 29

Question 30

Herringbone

Answer 30

Question 31

Hobnailed

Answer 31

Question 32

Indian File

Answer 32

Question 33

Micropapillary

Answer 33

Question 34

Pagetoid Spread

Answer 34

Question 35

Palisading

Answer 35

Question 36

Papillary

Answer 36

Question 37

Papyraceous

Answer 37

Question 38

Pedunculated

Answer 38

Question 39

Polarized

Answer 39

Question 40

Reticular

Answer 40

Question 41

Rosettes

Answer 41

Question 42

Sessile

Answer 42

Question 43

Spindled

Answer 43

Question 44

Storiform

Answer 44

Question 45

Syncytial

Answer 45

Question 46

Trabecular

Answer 46

Question 47

Cellular

Shape, Size, and Cytoplasm

Answer 47

1. Amphophilic
2. Foamy macrophages
3. Granular
4. Keratinized
5. Mucous
6. Oncocytic
7. Plasmacytoid
8. Signet ring

Question 48

Amphophilic

Answer 48

Question 49

Foamy Macrophages

Answer 49

Question 50

Granular

Answer 50

Question 51

Keratinized

Answer 51

Question 52

Mucous

Answer 52

Question 53

Oncocytic

Answer 53

Question 54

Plasmacytoid

Answer 54

Question 55

Signet Ring

Answer 55

Question 56

Nuclear Features

Answer 56

1. Clock face chromatin
2. Molding
3. Neuroendocrine

Question 57

Clock Face Chromatin

Answer 57

Question 58

Molding

Answer 58

Question 59

Neuroendocrine

Answer 59